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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. In Chapter 4, what is the name of the group of financiers who obtained from the French government the right to collect taxes?
2. Who, as both a chemist and a physician, was the first to criticize mechanistic explanations while his books on chemistry and physiology influenced Europe?
3. The mathematical study of probability had begun in 1654 in a correspondence between ________ and ________.
4. In Chapter 4, the narrator reveals that Anne Robert Jacques Turgot was a famous French ________.
5. In 1728, what was the name of the English Quaker who published in London a two-volume "Cyclopaedia" or universal dictionary of the arts and sciences?
Short Essay Questions
1. Explain why the Chemical Revolution was more the creation of a new science than a change in an existing one.
2. What was the "Encyclopedie"?
3. Briefly discuss the two great national academies that were the models on which the new academies of the eighteenth century were founded.
4. Explain how probability as human judgment was important in law and in commercial transactions.
5. Briefly discuss Georg Stahl and his impact on living matter.
6. Discuss natural history's rebirth in the late seventeenth century.
7. Discuss Abraham Trembley's discovery of generation.
8. Discuss the three social classes in France as described in Chapter 6.
9. Explain the common property air and fire both shared.
10. Discuss the rise of experimental physiology in the 1740s.
Essay Topics
Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:
Essay Topic 1
Thoroughly explain why Newton was so important to the Enlightenment.
Essay Topic 2
Analyze and discuss the impact the Encyclopedie had on the moral sciences and on the Enlightenment as a whole.
Essay Topic 3
Analyze and discuss the Chemical Revolution as detailed in "Science and the Enlightenment."
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This section contains 817 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) |
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