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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who argued in Chapter 6 that although men did not enjoy equal abilities, they did have the same natural rights, and it was therefore incumbent on the government to allow individuals to pursue their own best interests to the extent that they could without infringing on the natural rights of others?

2. The beginning of Chapter 6 states that the following were traditional judicial bodies that claimed the right to approve taxes except for which one?

3. Of all the prize papers, Rousseau's ________, written for the prize offered by the Dijon Academy in 1750, has had the most lasting fame, according to the narrator in Chapter 6.

4. In Chapter 5, the most scandalous physiology of all was "Man the Machine" of ________.

5. Haller carried out his famous investigations into the sensibility and irritability of __________, according to Chapter 5.

Short Essay Questions

1. Discuss Abraham Trembley's discovery of generation.

2. Explain how probability as human judgment was important in law and in commercial transactions.

3. Explain the common property air and fire both shared.

4. Briefly discuss Georg Stahl and his impact on living matter.

5. What were the four fragments of knowledge that probably contributed to Lavoisier's inspiration to research combustion?

6. What were the three main ingredients of the Chemical Revolution?

7. Explain the importance of electricity producing muscle contractions.

8. Briefly explain John Mayow's experiment with a vacuum pump as described in chapter 4.

9. What two other academic chores brought the problem of combustion to Lavoisier's attention?

10. What was Turgot's theory of expansibility?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Explain the motion along a curve theory and its relevance to the Enlightenment.

Essay Topic 2

Thoroughly explain the Leyden Jar as detailed in Chapter 3 of "Science and the Enlightenment."

Essay Topic 3

Explain the early history of electricity as detailed in Chapter 3 of "Science and the Enlightenment."

(see the answer keys)

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