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| Name: _________________________ | Period: ___________________ |
This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. The narrator explains in Chapter 6 that the ________ believed that the improvement of society could be brought about by making economic activity agree more closely with the laws implanted in nature by Providence.
2. Joseph Black studied chemistry with ________ at Glasgow, serving for three years as his assistant, according to Chapter 4.
3. Georg Stahl renamed the oily earth ________, according to the narrator in Chapter 4.
4. Who called natural history the "great root and mother" of all the sciences and made it the indispensable prelude to his experimental philosophy in Chapter 5?
5. Electricians in the following countries concluded from their experiments that electrified seeds germinated faster, that electrified plants sent out shoots earlier, and that electrified animals were slightly lighter than non-electrified ones, except for which country?
Short Essay Questions
1. Explain how probability as human judgment was important in law and in commercial transactions.
2. What was Turgot's theory of expansibility?
3. Discuss Montesquieu's fourteenth book of the "Spirit of the Laws."
4. What was the medical purpose of Black's research in gas chemistry? Explain.
5. Discuss Turgot's version of the science of man.
6. Briefly discuss the two great national academies that were the models on which the new academies of the eighteenth century were founded.
7. Briefly discuss Georg Stahl and his impact on living matter.
8. What did Descartes conclude about mechanical philosophy and the study of life?
9. What two other academic chores brought the problem of combustion to Lavoisier's attention?
10. Discuss the rise of experimental physiology in the 1740s.
Essay Topics
Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:
Essay Topic 1
Explain the early history of electricity as detailed in Chapter 3 of "Science and the Enlightenment."
Essay Topic 2
Explain the difference between the ideology of the Enlightenment and Aristotelian theories of science.
Essay Topic 3
Compare and contrast positional astronomy to physical astronomy.
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This section contains 786 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) |
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