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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. In 1757, thirty years after Hales described his experiments with ________, Joseph Black discovered the phenomenon of ________.
2. Harvey followed the Aristotelian notion that the embryo began as a homogeneous mass and that the organs formed one after another from this homogeneous substance in a process called ________.
3. The Berlin Academy of Sciences was founded in 1700 but achieved little until it was reorganized in 1743 on the Parisian model by ________.
4. What was the name of the leader of the natural history revival in England and the best naturalist of his age, according to the narrator in Chapter 5?
5. Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, Antoine de Jussieu, and Carl Linnaeus were considered ________, according to the narrator in Chapter 5.
Short Essay Questions
1. Discuss Regnier de Graaf's experiments on digestive fluids.
2. Discuss natural history's rebirth in the late seventeenth century.
3. Briefly explain John Mayow's experiment with a vacuum pump as described in chapter 4.
4. What were the four fragments of knowledge that probably contributed to Lavoisier's inspiration to research combustion?
5. Discuss Montesquieu's fourteenth book of the "Spirit of the Laws."
6. What was the "Encyclopedie"?
7. What was Turgot's theory of expansibility?
8. What were the three main ingredients of the Chemical Revolution?
9. Discuss the rise of experimental physiology in the 1740s.
10. Who were the physiocrats? Explain.
Essay Topics
Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:
Essay Topic 1
Explain Lavoisier's rationalization of chemistry. Do you support Lavoisier's rationalization? Why or why not?
Essay Topic 2
Compare and contrast the mechanical and vital explanations of natural phenomena, especially motion.
Essay Topic 3
Analyze and discuss the impact the Encyclopedie had on the moral sciences and on the Enlightenment as a whole.
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This section contains 809 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) |
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