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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. The campaign of the philosophes to reform the criminal code in France began with the ________ affair.
2. The science of man took several very different directions during the Enlightenment, the most controversial being that of ________.
3. Joseph Black studied ________, which had only recently been used as a medicine, according to Chapter 4.
4. In February 1744, ________, master apothecary to the French Army, published an article on the red precipitate of mercury "per se" in "Observations sur la physique, sur l'histoire naturelle, et sur les arts."
5. In Chapter 4, Turgot concluded from the experiments of ________ and ________ on evaporation in a vacuum that extensibility was a property not only of air but of all substances in a vaporous state.
Short Essay Questions
1. Briefly discuss Georg Stahl and his impact on living matter.
2. Explain how probability as human judgment was important in law and in commercial transactions.
3. Explain the importance of electricity producing muscle contractions.
4. Briefly explain Joseph Black as described in Chapter 4.
5. Discuss the rise of experimental physiology in the 1740s.
6. What is natural history? What does natural mean in the Aristotelian sense?
7. Explain why the Chemical Revolution was more the creation of a new science than a change in an existing one.
8. What were a couple ways to promote the science of man according to Chapter 6?
9. Explain the common property air and fire both shared.
10. What two other academic chores brought the problem of combustion to Lavoisier's attention?
Essay Topics
Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:
Essay Topic 1
Identify, analyze, and discuss the three tests of Universal Gravitation.
Essay Topic 2
Compare and contrast the mechanical and vital explanations of natural phenomena, especially motion.
Essay Topic 3
Explain Lavoisier's rationalization of chemistry. Do you support Lavoisier's rationalization? Why or why not?
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This section contains 775 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) |
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