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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. Chapter 2 reveals that Leibniz wrote the "second difference" in calculus as ________.
2. Who came out in support of vis viva in 1722 and concluded that "what was before only a dispute of words now becomes a dispute about real things"?
3. Who was France's greatest hero of the Enlightenment partly because he was from England, the source of free thought and liberty and partly because he had solved the riddle of the planets, showing that their motions obeyed the same laws as motions on earth?
4. What term did Toland invent for the belief that God and nature were one and the same, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?
5. In the preface to his "Histoire" of the Paris Academy of Science, who argued in 1699 that the new "geometric spirit" could also improve works on politics, morals, literary criticism, and even public speaking?
Short Essay Questions
1. Discuss the electrical experiments of Benjamin Franklin, Stephen Gray and Abbe Jean Antoine Nollet.
2. Why was income important to scientists during the Enlightenment period?
3. Discuss the two concepts that were studied in rational mechanics during the Enlightenment.
4. What advantage did natural philosophy have over other literary pursuits? Explain.
5. Who redefined physics in the 1720s? Explain.
6. How did the eighteenth century define analysis? Explain.
7. Discuss the study of physics in the beginning of the Enlightenment.
8. Discuss Christian Wolff's book "Generally useful researches for attaining to a more exact knowledge of nature and the arts."
9. Explain how the laws of nature were to be discovered by experimentation and observation.
10. Briefly discuss the origin of subtle fluid as discuss in Chapter 3 of "Science and the Enlightenment."
Essay Topics
Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:
Essay Topic 1
Compare and contrast "reason" vs. "nature" as discussed in Chapter 1 of "Science and the Enlightenment."
Essay Topic 2
Explain how heat and temperature are related and how the discovery of both impacted the Enlightenment.
Essay Topic 3
Explain the motion along a curve theory and its relevance to the Enlightenment.
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This section contains 693 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) |
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