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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. The "Philosophical Letters" was a product of Voltaire's visit to ________ according to Chapter 2.
2. In a letter of September 21, 1781, who wrote to his mentor Jean d'Alembert that he feared mathematics had reached its limit?
3. Who had written a preface to the second edition of the "Principia," supposedly with Newton's blessing, that described gravity as a force acting at a distance without any intervening medium?
4. Some of the "cabinet de physique" became very large, the most famous being the collection of the ________ in Haarlem.
5. What was the name of the philosopher who could enthusiastically claim that "the works of Nature everywhere sufficiently evidence a Diety"?
Short Essay Questions
1. Discuss Fontenelle's tie to science and literature as discussed in Chapter 1.
2. Discuss the ideology of the Enlightenment on natural philosophers. Who was France's main natural philosopher? Explain.
3. Who redefined physics in the 1720s? Explain.
4. Discuss how nature and reason tied into the Enlightenment.
5. What was the meaning of experimental physics at the end of the Enlightenment? Why is important that the meaning of experimental physics had changed?
6. What were the two necessary ingredients for the improvement of astronomical tables? Explain.
7. Discuss the study of physics in the beginning of the Enlightenment.
8. What were the proponents of blunt rods which where used in the study of electricity? Who led the proponents of blunt rods? Explain.
9. Discuss the product of the Philosophical Letters.
10. What advantage did natural philosophy have over other literary pursuits? Explain.
Essay Topics
Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:
Essay Topic 1
Compare and contrast "reason" vs. "nature" as discussed in Chapter 1 of "Science and the Enlightenment."
Essay Topic 2
Compare and contrast the mechanical and vital explanations of natural phenomena, especially motion.
Essay Topic 3
Identify, analyze, and discuss the three tests of Universal Gravitation.
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This section contains 799 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) |
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