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| Name: _________________________ | Period: ___________________ |
This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. Throughout the Enlightenment, reason was usually extolled in the same breath with ________, the other key word of the Enlightenment.
2. According to the narrator in Chapter 3, who became a famous doctor and chemist and initiated the Dutch program in his oration of 1715 entitled "De comparando certo in physicis"?
3. ________, working with the knowledge of latent heat, realized that a big difference in heat could be obtained with a small difference in temperature, if one compared water and ice.
4. Chapter 2 reveals that Leibniz wrote the "second difference" in calculus as ________.
5. In the early years of the Enlightenment, the strongest support on the Continent for Newton's philosophy came from ________.
Short Essay Questions
1. Discuss Charles Francois de Cisternai Dufay and his impact in electrical science.
2. Who was William Herschel and what planet did he discover?
3. What was the meaning of experimental physics at the end of the Enlightenment? Why is important that the meaning of experimental physics had changed?
4. Discuss Fontenelle's tie to science and literature as discussed in Chapter 1.
5. Explain why Newton's laws were not adequate to deal with all of the mechanical phenomena studied during the Enlightenment.
6. Why was income important to scientists during the Enlightenment period?
7. What prompted the versions of the mechanical philosophy in the seventeenth century? Give an example.
8. Discuss the periodic fluctuation Bradley found in 1748.
9. Discuss the product of the Philosophical Letters.
10. Explain how the laws of nature were to be discovered by experimentation and observation.
Essay Topics
Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:
Essay Topic 1
Compare and contrast the mechanical and vital explanations of natural phenomena, especially motion.
Essay Topic 2
Compare and contrast "reason" vs. "nature" as discussed in Chapter 1 of "Science and the Enlightenment."
Essay Topic 3
Describe in great detail Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws. Do you support Montesquieu's proposition? Why or why not?
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This section contains 809 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) |
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