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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. Chapter 1 states that the "geometric spirit" noted by ________ ensured that the same progress would occur in our knowledge about nature.
2. Madame du Chatelet supported the Leibnizian theory of ________ because it gave a better account of free will.
3. ________'s emphasis on the repulsive or expansive property of air, led naturally to an emphasis on the expansive properties of the even more subtle fluids of heat and electricity.
4. Which German metaphysician, when asked in 1785 if he believed he lived in an enlightened age, answered, "No, we are living in an age of enlightenment."
5. In a letter of September 21, 1781, who wrote to his mentor Jean d'Alembert that he feared mathematics had reached its limit?
Short Essay Questions
1. Discuss the product of the Philosophical Letters.
2. Explain why Newton's laws were not adequate to deal with all of the mechanical phenomena studied during the Enlightenment.
3. Who redefined physics in the 1720s? Explain.
4. What were the proponents of blunt rods which where used in the study of electricity? Who led the proponents of blunt rods? Explain.
5. What was the meaning of experimental physics at the end of the Enlightenment? Why is important that the meaning of experimental physics had changed?
6. What were the two necessary ingredients for the improvement of astronomical tables? Explain.
7. Discuss the origin of the study of electricity.
8. Who coined the term "Scientific Revolution" and who was this person? What was the Scientific Revolution?
9. What did the French call the eighteenth century? Explain.
10. Explain how mathematics and mechanics advanced through the study of curves.
Essay Topics
Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:
Essay Topic 1
Discuss natural history's impact on the field of physiology as detailed in Chapter 5 of "Science and the Enlightenment."
Essay Topic 2
Compare and contrast positional astronomy to physical astronomy.
Essay Topic 3
Explain the motion along a curve theory and its relevance to the Enlightenment.
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This section contains 807 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) |
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