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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 6, The Moral Sciences.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In a letter of September 21, 1781, who wrote to his mentor Jean d'Alembert that he feared mathematics had reached its limit?
(a) Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
(b) Diderot.
(c) Bernard Fontenelle.
(d) Sylvestre-Francois Lacroix.

2. In Chapter 4, Turgot concluded from the experiments of ________ and ________ on evaporation in a vacuum that extensibility was a property not only of air but of all substances in a vaporous state.
(a) Nollet / Wallerius.
(b) Black / Cullen.
(c) Hales / Brockhausen.
(d) Newton / Franklin.

3. Which German metaphysician, when asked in 1785 if he believed he lived in an enlightened age, answered, "No, we are living in an age of enlightenment."
(a) Diderot.
(b) Chatelet.
(c) Maupertuis.
(d) Immanuel Kant.

4. According to the narrator in Chapter 6, what where the two great national academies that were the models on which the new academies of the eighteenth century were founded?
(a) International Bilingual School of Provence / Black Forest Academy.
(b) International School of Luxembourg / Crossroads Christian Academy.
(c) Royal Society of London / Paris Academy of Science.
(d) International School of Georgia / German School of Athens.

5. Who was France's greatest hero of the Enlightenment partly because he was from England, the source of free thought and liberty and partly because he had solved the riddle of the planets, showing that their motions obeyed the same laws as motions on earth?
(a) Fontenelle.
(b) Swift.
(c) Boyle.
(d) Newton.

Short Answer Questions

1. In Chapter 2, what was the name of the path of a body that is dragged over a resisting horizontal surface by a cord of which one end moves along a straight line found?

2. Chapter 5 states that ________ means an inquiry or investigation into nature.

3. Vis viva was thought by its creator ________ to be the dynamic quantity that was conserved in the universe, according to the narrator in Chapter 2.

4. As a mathematician and rigorous metaphysician, ________ believed that the universe in all past, present, and future states followed a "preestablished harmony" laid down by God at the time of creation.

5. Who came out in support of vis viva in 1722 and concluded that "what was before only a dispute of words now becomes a dispute about real things"?

(see the answer key)

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