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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 6, The Moral Sciences.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Chapter 5 states that the property of "irritability" had first been recognized by ________, who used it to explain why the gall bladder does not discharge bile into the intestines constantly but only when bile is needed.
(a) Bordue.
(b) Glisson.
(c) Haller.
(d) Hoffmann.

2. According to Chapter 1, ________, in 1747, attributed the cause of a "great revolution in physics" to Newton's "Principia."
(a) Alexis-Claude Clairaut.
(b) Maupertuis.
(c) Malebranche.
(d) Descartes.

3. In 1819, who gave a clue to the source of this pessimism when he wrote that "the power of our analysis is practically exhausted"?
(a) Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
(b) Diderot.
(c) Sylvestre-Francois Lacroix.
(d) Isaac Barrow.

4. All of the following English philosophers had shown convincingly that knowledge about the physical world could not be obtained from first principles without resort to experiment except for whom?
(a) Boyle.
(b) Bacon.
(c) Newton.
(d) Locke.

5. According to the narrator in Chapter 5, who coined the word "spermatozoon" in 1827?
(a) Hartsoeker.
(b) Swammerdam.
(c) Linnaeus.
(d) Von Baer.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the name of the philosopher who was the leading scientific experimenter in seventeenth-century England, who had agreed that he had never seen any "inanimate production of nature, or of chance, whose contrivance was comparable to that of the meanest limb of the despicabilist animal"?

2. Who opened his "Spirit of the Laws" with a definition of law in Chapter 6?

3. Natural theology in England continued well into the nineteenth century, where it finally encountered its nemesis in ________, according to the narrator in Chapter 5.

4. Who was the extraordinary philosopher whose life and career exemplified many aspects of the Enlightenment, although he was not especially prominent as a natural philosopher nor was he the main protagonist in the vis viva controversy?

5. Madame du Chatelet supported the Leibnizian theory of ________ because it gave a better account of free will.

(see the answer key)

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