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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 5, Natural History and Physiology.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In Chapter 4, Turgot concluded from the experiments of ________ and ________ on evaporation in a vacuum that extensibility was a property not only of air but of all substances in a vaporous state.
(a) Newton / Franklin.
(b) Nollet / Wallerius.
(c) Black / Cullen.
(d) Hales / Brockhausen.

2. Joseph Black studied ________, which had only recently been used as a medicine, according to Chapter 4.
(a) Limewater.
(b) Magnesia alba.
(c) Carbon monoxide.
(d) Quicklime.

3. Descartes's "quantity of motion" is equivalent to our modern principle of the conservation of ________.
(a) Momentum.
(b) Hermeneutics.
(c) Formalism.
(d) Impression.

4. In Chapter 4, what is the name of the group of financiers who obtained from the French government the right to collect taxes?
(a) Fixed sum.
(b) Personal tax assistant.
(c) Tax lawyer.
(d) Tax farm.

5. The narrator reveals that vis viva was a measure of ________ to conserve his creation while "action" was a measure of his efficiency.
(a) God's demeanor.
(b) God's desire.
(c) Man's desire.
(d) Man's passion.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was France's greatest hero of the Enlightenment partly because he was from England, the source of free thought and liberty and partly because he had solved the riddle of the planets, showing that their motions obeyed the same laws as motions on earth?

2. Who became the leading literary figure of the Enlightenment and in 1734 published "Philosophical Letters"?

3. What was the name of the philosopher who had a passion for humanity, a desire to "do good," and a penchant for reform, according to Chapter 1?

4. In the preface to his "Histoire" of the Paris Academy of Science, who argued in 1699 that the new "geometric spirit" could also improve works on politics, morals, literary criticism, and even public speaking?

5. Which German metaphysician, when asked in 1785 if he believed he lived in an enlightened age, answered, "No, we are living in an age of enlightenment."

(see the answer key)

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