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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 5, Natural History and Physiology.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who believed that the universe would run down if it were not for God's intervention to renew his creation?
(a) Franklin.
(b) Johnson.
(c) Eddison.
(d) Newton.

2. According to the narrator in Chapter 3, Abbe Nollet, who became the most prominent ________ during the Enlightenment, explained the two electricities as opposing currents of the electrical fluid emerging in jets from the electrified body.
(a) Polish priest.
(b) American plumber.
(c) French electrician.
(d) German psychologist.

3. In Chapter 2, who was the greatest analyst of the Enlightenment and created mathematical theories to predict the buckling of columns and beams?
(a) Leibniz.
(b) Newton.
(c) Bernoulli.
(d) Leonhard Euler.

4. In February 1744, ________, master apothecary to the French Army, published an article on the red precipitate of mercury "per se" in "Observations sur la physique, sur l'histoire naturelle, et sur les arts."
(a) Macquer.
(b) Turgot.
(c) Lavoisier.
(d) Bayen.

5. Haller carried out his famous investigations into the sensibility and irritability of __________, according to Chapter 5.
(a) Water.
(b) Plant tissue.
(c) Animal tissue.
(d) Human tissue.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who had written a preface to the second edition of the "Principia," supposedly with Newton's blessing, that described gravity as a force acting at a distance without any intervening medium?

2. In Chapter 5, Ingen-Housz was able to show in his "Experiments on Vegetables" that it was ________ not ________, that was essential for the production of oxygen by the leaves.

3. In attempting to understand the role of air in combustion and calcination, Lavoisier extended ________'s theory of the vaporous state into chemistry.

4. What was Diderot's first philosophical work, according to the narrator in Chapter 5?

5. In the hands of ________, history led not to an understanding of God's will but rather to an understanding of human nature.

(see the answer key)

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