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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 5, Natural History and Physiology.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What term did Toland invent for the belief that God and nature were one and the same, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?
(a) Pantheism.
(b) Academism.
(c) Mechanism.
(d) Deism.

2. In a letter of September 21, 1781, who wrote to his mentor Jean d'Alembert that he feared mathematics had reached its limit?
(a) Diderot.
(b) Sylvestre-Francois Lacroix.
(c) Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
(d) Bernard Fontenelle.

3. Newton had not made it clear whether the forces acting between the planets and between the parts of matter acted at a distance or through some intervening medium called a(n) ________.
(a) Osmosis.
(b) Fluid.
(c) Witness.
(d) Ether.

4. Natural theology in England continued well into the nineteenth century, where it finally encountered its nemesis in ________, according to the narrator in Chapter 5.
(a) Cambridge.
(b) Darwin.
(c) Freud.
(d) Foucault.

5. Who confirmed Reaumur's experiments, did others on the digestive action of saliva, and performed the experiments on himself?
(a) Spallanzani.
(b) Stevens.
(c) Van Helmont.
(d) Borelli.

Short Answer Questions

1. Chapter 2 reveals that Leibniz wrote the "second difference" in calculus as ________.

2. Robert Whytt and Charles Aston studied the properties of ________ and ________ according, to the narrator in Chapter 4.

3. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, who was one of the originators of the mechanical philosophy who believed there were no forces or powers in matter?

4. According to the narrator in Chapter 5, who coined the word "spermatozoon" in 1827?

5. According to the beginning of Chapter 1, in 1759 the French mathematician ________ described a revolution that he saw taking place in natural philosophy.

(see the answer key)

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