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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The narrator reveals that mathematicians pursued ________, in which the physical object was reduced to a few idealized properties that were capable of quantification.
(a) Rational mechanics.
(b) Analysis.
(c) Synthesis.
(d) Psychology.

2. In Chapter 2, who was the greatest analyst of the Enlightenment and created mathematical theories to predict the buckling of columns and beams?
(a) Bernoulli.
(b) Leibniz.
(c) Leonhard Euler.
(d) Newton.

3. The ________, who had been leaders in experimental physics during the seventeenth century, continued to hold a prominent place until their order was suppressed in 1773.
(a) Buddist.
(b) Jesuits.
(c) Christians.
(d) Jewish.

4. ________, "curator of experiments" at the Royal Society, began research on the luminosity of phosphorus in 1705, under instruction from members of the society.
(a) Abbe Nollet.
(b) John Cuthbertson.
(c) William Gilbert.
(d) Francis Hauksbee.

5. The conversion of 'sGravesande confused the ideological debate because he was one of the leading supporters of ________ philosophy on the Continent.
(a) Voltairian.
(b) Aristotlian.
(c) Newtonian.
(d) Platoian.

6. According to Chapter 1, ________, in 1747, attributed the cause of a "great revolution in physics" to Newton's "Principia."
(a) Maupertuis.
(b) Alexis-Claude Clairaut.
(c) Descartes.
(d) Malebranche.

7. All of the following English philosophers had shown convincingly that knowledge about the physical world could not be obtained from first principles without resort to experiment except for whom?
(a) Locke.
(b) Newton.
(c) Bacon.
(d) Boyle.

8. Leibniz, in his differential calculus, broke up the curve into many little straight lines, creating a ________, in Chapter 2 of "Science and the Enlightenment."
(a) Diagonal curve.
(b) Centripetal curve.
(c) Pentagon curve.
(d) Polygon curve.

9. Who came out in support of vis viva in 1722 and concluded that "what was before only a dispute of words now becomes a dispute about real things"?
(a) 'sGravesande.
(b) Voltaire.
(c) Musschenbroek.
(d) Galileo Galilei.

10. According to Chapter 1, who made Newton into a supreme rationalist whose laws of motion were a priori deductions of pure thought?
(a) Marquis de l'Hopital.
(b) Roberts.
(c) Fontenelle.
(d) Maupertuis.

11. What was the name of the curve traced by the end of a string as it is unwrapped from another curve found in Chapter 2?
(a) Tractrix.
(b) Cycloid.
(c) Involute.
(d) Isoperimeters.

12. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, who was one of the originators of the mechanical philosophy who believed there were no forces or powers in matter?
(a) Descartes.
(b) Carnot.
(c) Leibniz.
(d) Bernoulli.

13. From ________'s law of falling bodies, it was known that the heights would be proportional to the squares of the velocities at impact.
(a) Voltaire.
(b) Descartes.
(c) Galileo.
(d) Poleni.

14. In Chapter 3, ________ and ________ were both led to the problem of specific heat by the discovery that a great deal of heat was required to melt ice, even though its temperature remained at the melting point.
(a) Wilcke / Robison.
(b) Black / Wilcke.
(c) Black / Coulomb.
(d) Galvani / Volta.

15. According to the narrator in Chapter 3, Abbe Nollet, who became the most prominent ________ during the Enlightenment, explained the two electricities as opposing currents of the electrical fluid emerging in jets from the electrified body.
(a) American plumber.
(b) French electrician.
(c) German psychologist.
(d) Polish priest.

Short Answer Questions

1. Symmer's socks suggested the presence of ________ electrical fluids, according to the narrator in Chapter 3.

2. Who made the first extensive series of investigations of electricity in his book "De Magnete," according to Chapter 3?

3. The concept of a ________ was a necessary step in the process of quantification, according to the narrator in Chapter 3.

4. Chapter 1 states that the "geometric spirit" noted by ________ ensured that the same progress would occur in our knowledge about nature.

5. Who became the ablest and most productive mathematician of the eighteenth century, according to the narrator in Chapter 2?

(see the answer keys)

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