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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, what was the key to a correct method whose model was mathematics?
(a) Nuture.
(b) Reason.
(c) Geometry.
(d) Nature.

2. In Chapter 3, whose book described demonstration experiments and gave detailed instructions for making and using the apparatus, but unlike the Dutch physicists, he attempted to create a single rational systematic philosophy, after the model of Leibniz?
(a) 'sGravesande.
(b) Chatelet.
(c) Wolff.
(d) Desaguliers.

3. In a letter of September 21, 1781, who wrote to his mentor Jean d'Alembert that he feared mathematics had reached its limit?
(a) Sylvestre-Francois Lacroix.
(b) Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
(c) Diderot.
(d) Bernard Fontenelle.

4. All of the following were forms of fire, according to Boerhaave and Musschenbroek, except for which one?
(a) Wood.
(b) Heat.
(c) Light.
(d) Electricity.

5. Chapter 2 states that ________ had been created to deal with the problem of motion and that the new mathematical techniques discovered in the eighteenth century were all responses to the challenges of mechanics.
(a) Geometry.
(b) Statistics.
(c) Calculus.
(d) Arithmetic.

6. In 1688, Fontenelle wrote a treatise on the nature of the eclogue or ________.
(a) Limerick.
(b) Sonnet.
(c) Haiku.
(d) Pastoral poem.

7. What was the name of the philosopher who carried out the following experiments: kite, electric spider, and lightning bells to study electricity?
(a) Abbe Jean Antoine Nollet.
(b) Stephen Gray.
(c) The Jesuits.
(d) Benjamin Franklin.

8. According to the narrator in Chapter 3, Abbe Nollet, who became the most prominent ________ during the Enlightenment, explained the two electricities as opposing currents of the electrical fluid emerging in jets from the electrified body.
(a) German psychologist.
(b) Polish priest.
(c) French electrician.
(d) American plumber.

9. Who stated in the introduction to their book that, "There are no figures in this book. The methods that I demonstrate here require neither constructions, nor geometrical or mechanical reasoning, but only algebraic operations, subject to a regular and uniform development"?
(a) Basel.
(b) Hermann.
(c) Euler.
(d) Lagrange.

10. Madame du Chatelet supported the Leibnizian theory of ________ because it gave a better account of free will.
(a) Christianity.
(b) Religion.
(c) Mechanics.
(d) Physics.

11. Some of the "cabinet de physique" became very large, the most famous being the collection of the ________ in Haarlem.
(a) Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
(b) Rockefeller Foundation.
(c) Teyler Foundation.
(d) Ford Foundation.

12. According to Chapter 1, the noble Houyhnhnm in Jonathan Swift's ________ "thought Nature and Reason were sufficient guides for a reasonable animal, as we pretended to be, in showing us what we ought to do, and what to avoid."
(a) Twelve Articles.
(b) The Day of Judgement.
(c) Gulliver's Travels.
(d) A Modest Proposal.

13. According to Chapter 2, for Newton, ________ consisted in "making experiments and observations and in drawing general Conclusion from them by Induction."
(a) Calculus.
(b) Reason.
(c) Analysis.
(d) Religion.

14. What was the name of the revolution that was a cultural event associated with Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Rene Descartes, and Isaac Newton?
(a) French Revolution.
(b) Enlightenment Revolution.
(c) American Revolution.
(d) Scientific Revolution.

15. What category of science, at the beginning of the Enlightenment, was "the science that teaches us the reasons and causes of all the effects that Nature produces," including both living and nonliving phenomena?
(a) Zoology.
(b) Physics.
(c) Chemistry.
(d) Biology.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the name of the curve traced by the end of a string as it is unwrapped from another curve found in Chapter 2?

2. The "Philosophical Letters" was a product of Voltaire's visit to ________ according to Chapter 2.

3. What was the name of the path by which an object slides from one point to another that is not on the same vertical line in the shortest possible time?

4. In Chapter 3, who proposed a single static electrical "atmosphere" that attracted and repelled by pressure rather than by the impact of an electrical wind?

5. Who was France's greatest hero of the Enlightenment partly because he was from England, the source of free thought and liberty and partly because he had solved the riddle of the planets, showing that their motions obeyed the same laws as motions on earth?

(see the answer keys)

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