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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In Chapter 2, what was the name of the path of a body that is dragged over a resisting horizontal surface by a cord of which one end moves along a straight line found?
(a) Tractrix.
(b) Brachistachrone.
(c) Cycloid.
(d) Isoperimeters.

2. What was the name of the path by which an object slides from one point to another that is not on the same vertical line in the shortest possible time?
(a) Brachistachrone.
(b) Tractrix.
(c) Catenary.
(d) Involute.

3. Who believed that the universe would run down if it were not for God's intervention to renew his creation?
(a) Johnson.
(b) Newton.
(c) Franklin.
(d) Eddison.

4. All of the following philosophers at the University of Leiden followed Newton's lead in organizing experiments except for whom?
(a) Boerhaave.
(b) Locke.
(c) 'sGravesande.
(d) Musschenbroek.

5. What was the name of the revolution that was a cultural event associated with Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Rene Descartes, and Isaac Newton?
(a) American Revolution.
(b) Scientific Revolution.
(c) Enlightenment Revolution.
(d) French Revolution.

6. In 1729, ________, a dedicated amateur experimenter and occasional contributor to the "Philosophical Transactions" of the Royal Society, discovered that electricity could be communicated over rather long distances by contact.
(a) Stephen Gray.
(b) 'sGravesande.
(c) Francis Hauksbee.
(d) Newton.

7. The conversion of 'sGravesande confused the ideological debate because he was one of the leading supporters of ________ philosophy on the Continent.
(a) Voltairian.
(b) Newtonian.
(c) Platoian.
(d) Aristotlian.

8. The narrator explains in Chapter 3 that ________ and ________ were the best examples of subtle fluids.
(a) Water / air.
(b) Heat / air.
(c) Electricity / water.
(d) Electricity / heat.

9. According to Chapter 2, for Newton, ________ consisted in "making experiments and observations and in drawing general Conclusion from them by Induction."
(a) Calculus.
(b) Religion.
(c) Reason.
(d) Analysis.

10. Descartes's "quantity of motion" is equivalent to our modern principle of the conservation of ________.
(a) Momentum.
(b) Formalism.
(c) Impression.
(d) Hermeneutics.

11. What area of science included astronomy, optics, statics, hydraulics, gnomonics, geography, horology, navigation, surveying, and fortification?
(a) Mixed mathematics.
(b) Geology.
(c) Botany.
(d) Meteorology.

12. Chapter 1 states that the "geometric spirit" noted by ________ ensured that the same progress would occur in our knowledge about nature.
(a) Fontenelle.
(b) Locke.
(c) Newton.
(d) Boyle.

13. In Chapter 3, who noticed that when he pulled off his silk socks in the evening, "they frequently made a crackling or snapping noise" and emitted "sparks of fire"?
(a) Martinus van Marum.
(b) John Cuthbertson.
(c) William Gilbert.
(d) Robert Symmer.

14. In the hands of ________, history led not to an understanding of God's will but rather to an understanding of human nature.
(a) David Hume.
(b) Kant.
(c) D'Alembert.
(d) Boyle.

15. Vis viva was thought by its creator ________ to be the dynamic quantity that was conserved in the universe, according to the narrator in Chapter 2.
(a) Descartes.
(b) Leibniz.
(c) Euler.
(d) 'sGravesande.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Chapter 1, the noble Houyhnhnm in Jonathan Swift's ________ "thought Nature and Reason were sufficient guides for a reasonable animal, as we pretended to be, in showing us what we ought to do, and what to avoid."

2. The discipline of physics had originally been created by ________, and it had nothing to do with experiment or quantitative measure nor was it limited to the inorganic world.

3. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, who was one of the originators of the mechanical philosophy who believed there were no forces or powers in matter?

4. In Chapter 3, what was the name of the experimental tradition began in Western Europe during the Renaissance?

5. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, what was the key to a correct method whose model was mathematics?

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