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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 1, The Character of the Enlightenment.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What area of science included astronomy, optics, statics, hydraulics, gnomonics, geography, horology, navigation, surveying, and fortification?
(a) Mixed mathematics.
(b) Geology.
(c) Botany.
(d) Meteorology.

2. Who claimed a community of atheists could live a completely moral existence, according to Chapter 1 of the book "Science and the Enlightenment"?
(a) Kant.
(b) Varignon.
(c) L'Hopital.
(d) Pierre Bayle.

3. By what name did natural philosophers want to be known as, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?
(a) Men of Honor.
(b) Masters.
(c) Professors.
(d) Men of Letters.

4. In the preface to his "Histoire" of the Paris Academy of Science, who argued in 1699 that the new "geometric spirit" could also improve works on politics, morals, literary criticism, and even public speaking?
(a) Newton.
(b) Varignon.
(c) Fontenelle.
(d) Leibniz.

5. In Chapter 1, who claimed that his "principle of least action" proved the existence of God?
(a) Newton.
(b) Malebranche.
(c) Pierre-Louis-Moreau de Maupertuis.
(d) Leibniz.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the name of the priest of the Congregation of the Oratory, who was also a philosopher, mathematician, and member of the French Academy of Sciences?

2. Madame du Chatelet supported the Leibnizian theory of ________ because it gave a better account of free will.

3. What was the name of the philosopher who had a passion for humanity, a desire to "do good," and a penchant for reform, according to Chapter 1?

4. What area of study in the Middle Ages had been the domain of those truths that could be found through the use of reason alone without the revelation of the Bible?

5. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, what was the key to a correct method whose model was mathematics?

(see the answer key)

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