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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 1, The Character of the Enlightenment.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Throughout the Enlightenment, reason was usually extolled in the same breath with ________, the other key word of the Enlightenment.
(a) Religion.
(b) Nature.
(c) Science.
(d) Nuture.

2. In the hands of ________, history led not to an understanding of God's will but rather to an understanding of human nature.
(a) Boyle.
(b) D'Alembert.
(c) Kant.
(d) David Hume.

3. In 1688, Fontenelle wrote a treatise on the nature of the eclogue or ________.
(a) Pastoral poem.
(b) Haiku.
(c) Sonnet.
(d) Limerick.

4. According to Chapter 1, who made Newton into a supreme rationalist whose laws of motion were a priori deductions of pure thought?
(a) Roberts.
(b) Fontenelle.
(c) Marquis de l'Hopital.
(d) Maupertuis.

5. In Chapter 1, who claimed that his "principle of least action" proved the existence of God?
(a) Leibniz.
(b) Newton.
(c) Malebranche.
(d) Pierre-Louis-Moreau de Maupertuis.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, what was the key to a correct method whose model was mathematics?

2. What category of science, at the beginning of the Enlightenment, was "the science that teaches us the reasons and causes of all the effects that Nature produces," including both living and nonliving phenomena?

3. According to Chapter 1, the noble Houyhnhnm in Jonathan Swift's ________ "thought Nature and Reason were sufficient guides for a reasonable animal, as we pretended to be, in showing us what we ought to do, and what to avoid."

4. The names "biology" and "sociology" were names and fields that were created in what century, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?

5. Which German metaphysician, when asked in 1785 if he believed he lived in an enlightened age, answered, "No, we are living in an age of enlightenment."

(see the answer key)

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