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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 1, The Character of the Enlightenment.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. In the preface to his "Histoire" of the Paris Academy of Science, who argued in 1699 that the new "geometric spirit" could also improve works on politics, morals, literary criticism, and even public speaking?
(a) Newton.
(b) Varignon.
(c) Fontenelle.
(d) Leibniz.
2. What was the name of the revolution that was a cultural event associated with Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Rene Descartes, and Isaac Newton?
(a) French Revolution.
(b) Enlightenment Revolution.
(c) American Revolution.
(d) Scientific Revolution.
3. What was the name of the priest of the Congregation of the Oratory, who was also a philosopher, mathematician, and member of the French Academy of Sciences?
(a) Newton.
(b) Nicolas Malebranche.
(c) Chatelet.
(d) Descartes.
4. What area of science included astronomy, optics, statics, hydraulics, gnomonics, geography, horology, navigation, surveying, and fortification?
(a) Meteorology.
(b) Mixed mathematics.
(c) Geology.
(d) Botany.
5. What term did Toland invent for the belief that God and nature were one and the same, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?
(a) Mechanism.
(b) Deism.
(c) Pantheism.
(d) Academism.
Short Answer Questions
1. In Chapter 1, who claimed that his "principle of least action" proved the existence of God?
2. By what name did natural philosophers want to be known as, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?
3. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, who was one of the originators of the mechanical philosophy who believed there were no forces or powers in matter?
4. Madame du Chatelet supported the Leibnizian theory of ________ because it gave a better account of free will.
5. The names "biology" and "sociology" were names and fields that were created in what century, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?
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