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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 1, The Character of the Enlightenment.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the hands of ________, history led not to an understanding of God's will but rather to an understanding of human nature.
(a) D'Alembert.
(b) Boyle.
(c) Kant.
(d) David Hume.

2. Throughout the Enlightenment, reason was usually extolled in the same breath with ________, the other key word of the Enlightenment.
(a) Religion.
(b) Nature.
(c) Science.
(d) Nuture.

3. What was the name of the philosopher who was the leading scientific experimenter in seventeenth-century England, who had agreed that he had never seen any "inanimate production of nature, or of chance, whose contrivance was comparable to that of the meanest limb of the despicabilist animal"?
(a) Swift.
(b) Locke.
(c) Robert Boyle.
(d) Galileo.

4. What term did Toland invent for the belief that God and nature were one and the same, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?
(a) Academism.
(b) Pantheism.
(c) Deism.
(d) Mechanism.

5. What was the name of the priest of the Congregation of the Oratory, who was also a philosopher, mathematician, and member of the French Academy of Sciences?
(a) Nicolas Malebranche.
(b) Descartes.
(c) Chatelet.
(d) Newton.

Short Answer Questions

1. In 1688, Fontenelle wrote a treatise on the nature of the eclogue or ________.

2. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, what was the key to a correct method whose model was mathematics?

3. Madame du Chatelet supported the Leibnizian theory of ________ because it gave a better account of free will.

4. What area of science included astronomy, optics, statics, hydraulics, gnomonics, geography, horology, navigation, surveying, and fortification?

5. Chapter 1 states that the "geometric spirit" noted by ________ ensured that the same progress would occur in our knowledge about nature.

(see the answer key)

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