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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 1, The Character of the Enlightenment.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, who was one of the originators of the mechanical philosophy who believed there were no forces or powers in matter?
(a) Bernoulli.
(b) Descartes.
(c) Leibniz.
(d) Carnot.

2. Throughout the Enlightenment, reason was usually extolled in the same breath with ________, the other key word of the Enlightenment.
(a) Nature.
(b) Science.
(c) Religion.
(d) Nuture.

3. Madame du Chatelet supported the Leibnizian theory of ________ because it gave a better account of free will.
(a) Physics.
(b) Christianity.
(c) Mechanics.
(d) Religion.

4. According to Chapter 1, the noble Houyhnhnm in Jonathan Swift's ________ "thought Nature and Reason were sufficient guides for a reasonable animal, as we pretended to be, in showing us what we ought to do, and what to avoid."
(a) The Day of Judgement.
(b) A Modest Proposal.
(c) Gulliver's Travels.
(d) Twelve Articles.

5. What was the name of the priest of the Congregation of the Oratory, who was also a philosopher, mathematician, and member of the French Academy of Sciences?
(a) Newton.
(b) Nicolas Malebranche.
(c) Descartes.
(d) Chatelet.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Chapter 1, ________, in 1747, attributed the cause of a "great revolution in physics" to Newton's "Principia."

2. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, what was the key to a correct method whose model was mathematics?

3. What area of science included astronomy, optics, statics, hydraulics, gnomonics, geography, horology, navigation, surveying, and fortification?

4. Who was France's greatest hero of the Enlightenment partly because he was from England, the source of free thought and liberty and partly because he had solved the riddle of the planets, showing that their motions obeyed the same laws as motions on earth?

5. In the hands of ________, history led not to an understanding of God's will but rather to an understanding of human nature.

(see the answer key)

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