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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 1, The Character of the Enlightenment.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What area of study in the Middle Ages had been the domain of those truths that could be found through the use of reason alone without the revelation of the Bible?
(a) Natural theology.
(b) Physiology.
(c) Psychology.
(d) Mied mathematics.

2. In the hands of ________, history led not to an understanding of God's will but rather to an understanding of human nature.
(a) Boyle.
(b) D'Alembert.
(c) Kant.
(d) David Hume.

3. What area of science included astronomy, optics, statics, hydraulics, gnomonics, geography, horology, navigation, surveying, and fortification?
(a) Geology.
(b) Botany.
(c) Mixed mathematics.
(d) Meteorology.

4. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, who was one of the originators of the mechanical philosophy who believed there were no forces or powers in matter?
(a) Bernoulli.
(b) Carnot.
(c) Descartes.
(d) Leibniz.

5. Chapter 1 states that the "geometric spirit" noted by ________ ensured that the same progress would occur in our knowledge about nature.
(a) Fontenelle.
(b) Locke.
(c) Newton.
(d) Boyle.

Short Answer Questions

1. Madame du Chatelet supported the Leibnizian theory of ________ because it gave a better account of free will.

2. By what name did natural philosophers want to be known as, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?

3. According to Chapter 1, ________, in 1747, attributed the cause of a "great revolution in physics" to Newton's "Principia."

4. The names "biology" and "sociology" were names and fields that were created in what century, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?

5. What category of science, at the beginning of the Enlightenment, was "the science that teaches us the reasons and causes of all the effects that Nature produces," including both living and nonliving phenomena?

(see the answer key)

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