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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 2, Mathematics and the Exact Sciences.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. In the early years of the Enlightenment, the strongest support on the Continent for Newton's philosophy came from ________.
(a) Germany.
(b) America.
(c) Italy.
(d) Holland.
2. According to the beginning of Chapter 1, in 1759 the French mathematician ________ described a revolution that he saw taking place in natural philosophy.
(a) Carnot.
(b) Euler.
(c) Newton.
(d) Jean Lerond d'Alembert.
3. The narrator reveals that vis viva was a measure of ________ to conserve his creation while "action" was a measure of his efficiency.
(a) Man's desire.
(b) God's demeanor.
(c) Man's passion.
(d) God's desire.
4. Madame du Chatelet supported the Leibnizian theory of ________ because it gave a better account of free will.
(a) Christianity.
(b) Mechanics.
(c) Physics.
(d) Religion.
5. The conversion of 'sGravesande confused the ideological debate because he was one of the leading supporters of ________ philosophy on the Continent.
(a) Voltairian.
(b) Aristotlian.
(c) Newtonian.
(d) Platoian.
Short Answer Questions
1. What category of science, at the beginning of the Enlightenment, was "the science that teaches us the reasons and causes of all the effects that Nature produces," including both living and nonliving phenomena?
2. Who stated in 1665 that "Analysis...seems to belong no more to Mathematics than to Physics, Ethics or any other Science"?
3. According to Chapter 1, who made Newton into a supreme rationalist whose laws of motion were a priori deductions of pure thought?
4. In 1819, who gave a clue to the source of this pessimism when he wrote that "the power of our analysis is practically exhausted"?
5. What was the name of the path by which an object slides from one point to another that is not on the same vertical line in the shortest possible time?
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