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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 2, Mathematics and the Exact Sciences.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who stated in 1665 that "Analysis...seems to belong no more to Mathematics than to Physics, Ethics or any other Science"?
(a) Aristotle.
(b) Isaac Barrow.
(c) Condillac.
(d) Euclid.

2. According to Chapter 1, ________, in 1747, attributed the cause of a "great revolution in physics" to Newton's "Principia."
(a) Descartes.
(b) Alexis-Claude Clairaut.
(c) Maupertuis.
(d) Malebranche.

3. What was the name of the philosopher who was the leading scientific experimenter in seventeenth-century England, who had agreed that he had never seen any "inanimate production of nature, or of chance, whose contrivance was comparable to that of the meanest limb of the despicabilist animal"?
(a) Galileo.
(b) Robert Boyle.
(c) Swift.
(d) Locke.

4. What term did Toland invent for the belief that God and nature were one and the same, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?
(a) Academism.
(b) Deism.
(c) Mechanism.
(d) Pantheism.

5. Descartes's "quantity of motion" is equivalent to our modern principle of the conservation of ________.
(a) Formalism.
(b) Hermeneutics.
(c) Momentum.
(d) Impression.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the beginning of Chapter 1, in 1759 the French mathematician ________ described a revolution that he saw taking place in natural philosophy.

2. In Chapter 1, who claimed that his "principle of least action" proved the existence of God?

3. In Chapter 2, what was the name of the path of a body that is dragged over a resisting horizontal surface by a cord of which one end moves along a straight line found?

4. Throughout the Enlightenment, reason was usually extolled in the same breath with ________, the other key word of the Enlightenment.

5. What area of study in the Middle Ages had been the domain of those truths that could be found through the use of reason alone without the revelation of the Bible?

(see the answer key)

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