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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 2, Mathematics and the Exact Sciences.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. In the early years of the Enlightenment, the strongest support on the Continent for Newton's philosophy came from ________.
(a) America.
(b) Germany.
(c) Italy.
(d) Holland.
2. ________ in Italy and ________ in Holland did experiments in which they measured the impact of a falling ball by dropping in onto clay.
(a) 'sGravesande / Descartes.
(b) Giovanni Poleni / 'sGravesande.
(c) Voltaire / d'Alembert.
(d) Newton / Aristotle.
3. Chapter 1 states that in 1700, ________ first talked about an "almost complete revolution in geometry" that had begun with the analytic geometry of Descartes.
(a) Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle.
(b) Cartesians.
(c) Leibniz.
(d) D'Alembert.
4. What area of science included astronomy, optics, statics, hydraulics, gnomonics, geography, horology, navigation, surveying, and fortification?
(a) Mixed mathematics.
(b) Meteorology.
(c) Botany.
(d) Geology.
5. The "Philosophical Letters" was a product of Voltaire's visit to ________ according to Chapter 2.
(a) America.
(b) England.
(c) Africa.
(d) Germany.
Short Answer Questions
1. According to Chapter 2, for Newton, ________ consisted in "making experiments and observations and in drawing general Conclusion from them by Induction."
2. According to Chapter 1, who made Newton into a supreme rationalist whose laws of motion were a priori deductions of pure thought?
3. Who carried rational mechanics to the highest point of generality and abstraction that it was to reach during the Enlightenment?
4. The names "biology" and "sociology" were names and fields that were created in what century, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?
5. According to the beginning of Chapter 1, in 1759 the French mathematician ________ described a revolution that he saw taking place in natural philosophy.
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