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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 5, Natural History and Physiology.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the name of the philosopher who could enthusiastically claim that "the works of Nature everywhere sufficiently evidence a Diety"?
(a) John Locke.
(b) D' Alembert.
(c) Kant.
(d) Aristotle.

2. In Chapter 4, Turgot concluded from the experiments of ________ and ________ on evaporation in a vacuum that extensibility was a property not only of air but of all substances in a vaporous state.
(a) Hales / Brockhausen.
(b) Black / Cullen.
(c) Newton / Franklin.
(d) Nollet / Wallerius.

3. In Chapter 2, who was the greatest analyst of the Enlightenment and created mathematical theories to predict the buckling of columns and beams?
(a) Bernoulli.
(b) Newton.
(c) Leonhard Euler.
(d) Leibniz.

4. In Chapter 5, who wrote, "We may conclude that the organs of the body have not always existed, but have been formed successively - no matter how this formation has been brought about"?
(a) Spallanzani.
(b) Leibniz.
(c) Wolff.
(d) Haller.

5. Van Helmont had proposed an ________ in the stomach that he believed to be the innermost essence of life and that acted by fermentation.
(a) Archaeus.
(b) Nasalis.
(c) Myxini.
(d) Axolotl.

Short Answer Questions

1. In Chapter 3, what was the name of the experimental tradition began in Western Europe during the Renaissance?

2. According to the narrator in Chapter 4, who was the most successful searcher for "airs"?

3. In 1688, who had shown that the insect larva, pupa, and imago can exist simultaneously, all nested one within the other?

4. All of the following were forms of fire, according to Boerhaave and Musschenbroek, except for which one?

5. Who was the most important German chemist, whose papers in the "Memoires" of the Berlin Academy, during the 1740s and 1750s, earned the admiration of the French chemists?

(see the answer key)

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