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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 5, Natural History and Physiology.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the name of the priest of the Congregation of the Oratory, who was also a philosopher, mathematician, and member of the French Academy of Sciences?
(a) Newton.
(b) Descartes.
(c) Chatelet.
(d) Nicolas Malebranche.

2. In Chapter 5, who adopted a theory of generation similar to that of Maupertuis and in his second volume of his "Natural History," he brought forward his theory of organic molecules, interior mold, and penetrating force?
(a) Graafian.
(b) Buffon.
(c) Bonnet.
(d) Kolreuter.

3. Haller carried out his famous investigations into the sensibility and irritability of __________, according to Chapter 5.
(a) Water.
(b) Human tissue.
(c) Plant tissue.
(d) Animal tissue.

4. What was the name of the philosopher who had a passion for humanity, a desire to "do good," and a penchant for reform, according to Chapter 1?
(a) Condorcet.
(b) Descartes.
(c) Maupertuis.
(d) Newton.

5. In 1729, ________, a dedicated amateur experimenter and occasional contributor to the "Philosophical Transactions" of the Royal Society, discovered that electricity could be communicated over rather long distances by contact.
(a) Newton.
(b) 'sGravesande.
(c) Francis Hauksbee.
(d) Stephen Gray.

Short Answer Questions

1. In Chapter 3, ________ and ________ were both led to the problem of specific heat by the discovery that a great deal of heat was required to melt ice, even though its temperature remained at the melting point.

2. Descartes's "quantity of motion" is equivalent to our modern principle of the conservation of ________.

3. Who made the first extensive series of investigations of electricity in his book "De Magnete," according to Chapter 3?

4. ________'s emphasis on the repulsive or expansive property of air, led naturally to an emphasis on the expansive properties of the even more subtle fluids of heat and electricity.

5. Who became the leading literary figure of the Enlightenment and in 1734 published "Philosophical Letters"?

(see the answer key)

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