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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 5, Natural History and Physiology.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In 1688, who had shown that the insect larva, pupa, and imago can exist simultaneously, all nested one within the other?
(a) Hertwig.
(b) Malebranche.
(c) Von Baer.
(d) Swammerdam.

2. In Chapter 5, who analyzed the mechanics of the muscles and skeleton of the human body and tried to explain muscular contraction as a hydraulic or mechanical inflation of the tissue?
(a) Borelli.
(b) Boyle.
(c) Grew.
(d) Descartes.

3. Saussure found that plants grow better in an atmosphere rich in fixed air, up to a concentration of approximately ________ percent.
(a) 8.
(b) 30.
(c) 90.
(d) 75.

4. Vis viva was thought by its creator ________ to be the dynamic quantity that was conserved in the universe, according to the narrator in Chapter 2.
(a) 'sGravesande.
(b) Euler.
(c) Leibniz.
(d) Descartes.

5. According to Chapter 3, ________ was the most volatile and least substantial of all the elements; therefore, it was the chief agent of change, as witnessed by its role in combustion, fermentation, decomposition, and evaporation.
(a) Air.
(b) Water.
(c) Wind.
(d) Fire.

Short Answer Questions

1. ________ in Italy and ________ in Holland did experiments in which they measured the impact of a falling ball by dropping in onto clay.

2. Who was the extraordinary philosopher whose life and career exemplified many aspects of the Enlightenment, although he was not especially prominent as a natural philosopher nor was he the main protagonist in the vis viva controversy?

3. Who stated in 1665 that "Analysis...seems to belong no more to Mathematics than to Physics, Ethics or any other Science"?

4. Who argued in the "Preliminary discourse" to the "Encyclopedie" that mathematics was basic to all of physics, according to the narrator in Chapter 3?

5. All of the following philosophers at the University of Leiden followed Newton's lead in organizing experiments except for whom?

(see the answer key)

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