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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 5, Natural History and Physiology.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In a letter of September 21, 1781, who wrote to his mentor Jean d'Alembert that he feared mathematics had reached its limit?
(a) Diderot.
(b) Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
(c) Bernard Fontenelle.
(d) Sylvestre-Francois Lacroix.

2. Some of the "cabinet de physique" became very large, the most famous being the collection of the ________ in Haarlem.
(a) Teyler Foundation.
(b) Ford Foundation.
(c) Rockefeller Foundation.
(d) Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

3. In Chapter 2, who was the greatest analyst of the Enlightenment and created mathematical theories to predict the buckling of columns and beams?
(a) Leonhard Euler.
(b) Bernoulli.
(c) Newton.
(d) Leibniz.

4. As a mathematician and rigorous metaphysician, ________ believed that the universe in all past, present, and future states followed a "preestablished harmony" laid down by God at the time of creation.
(a) Leibniz.
(b) Buffon.
(c) Haller.
(d) Bourguet.

5. Beginning in 1760, all of the following individuals were considered the three best experimentalists of the century who were all drawn to the ovist version of the preformation theory except for which one?
(a) Spallanzani.
(b) Bonnet.
(c) Haller.
(d) Needham.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who became the leading literary figure of the Enlightenment and in 1734 published "Philosophical Letters"?

2. According to the narrator in Chapter 2, the only machine employed by rational mechanics was ________.

3. In Chapter 5, who adopted a theory of generation similar to that of Maupertuis and in his second volume of his "Natural History," he brought forward his theory of organic molecules, interior mold, and penetrating force?

4. Harvey followed the Aristotelian notion that the embryo began as a homogeneous mass and that the organs formed one after another from this homogeneous substance in a process called ________.

5. In Chapter 3, ________ and ________ were both led to the problem of specific heat by the discovery that a great deal of heat was required to melt ice, even though its temperature remained at the melting point.

(see the answer key)

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