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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Electricians in the following countries concluded from their experiments that electrified seeds germinated faster, that electrified plants sent out shoots earlier, and that electrified animals were slightly lighter than non-electrified ones, except for which country?
(a) England.
(b) France.
(c) Germany.
(d) America.

2. According to Chapter 4, what is another name for nitrous oxide?
(a) Blinding gas.
(b) Tear gas.
(c) Shocking gas.
(d) Laughing gas.

3. What was the name of the leader of the natural history revival in England and the best naturalist of his age, according to the narrator in Chapter 5?
(a) Newton.
(b) Darwin.
(c) Foucault.
(d) Ray.

4. Who was the first person to identify a new air different from common atmospheric air,, in Chapter 4?
(a) Cullen.
(b) Black.
(c) Newton.
(d) Lavoisier.

5. Joseph Priestly and Henry Cavendish continued to use the term ________ for the action of fire in combustion, in Chapter 4.
(a) Aeriform.
(b) Phlogiston.
(c) Vaporous.
(d) Succumb.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who, as both a chemist and a physician, was the first to criticize mechanistic explanations while his books on chemistry and physiology influenced Europe?

2. In Chapter 4, what is the name of the group of financiers who obtained from the French government the right to collect taxes?

3. Early in the seventeenth century ________ urged the creation of a great dictionary that would bring together in an orderly fashion all of the practical knowledge that was known only to craftsmen in their respective trades.

4. Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, Antoine de Jussieu, and Carl Linnaeus were considered ________, according to the narrator in Chapter 5.

5. The mathematical study of probability had begun in 1654 in a correspondence between ________ and ________.

Short Essay Questions

1. What were a couple ways to promote the science of man according to Chapter 6?

2. In what ways was the theory of epigenesis sophisticated?

3. Discuss Regnier de Graaf's experiments on digestive fluids.

4. What was Turgot's theory of expansibility?

5. Explain the common property air and fire both shared.

6. Describe the three primary kinds of governments Montesquieu distinguished between in Chapter 6.

7. Briefly explain John Mayow's experiment with a vacuum pump as described in chapter 4.

8. Explain the importance of electricity producing muscle contractions.

9. Who were the physiocrats? Explain.

10. Discuss Abraham Trembley's discovery of generation.

(see the answer keys)

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