View a FREE sample

This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who argued in Chapter 6 that although men did not enjoy equal abilities, they did have the same natural rights, and it was therefore incumbent on the government to allow individuals to pursue their own best interests to the extent that they could without infringing on the natural rights of others?
(a) Descarte.
(b) La Riviere.
(c) Quesnay.
(d) Voltaire.

2. The narrator explains in Chapter 4 that the most popular textbooks in France during the first half of the eighteenth century were those of ________ and ________.
(a) Stahl / Marggraf / Rouelle.
(b) Roi / Lavoisier.
(c) Cullen / Black.
(d) Boerhaave / Lemery.

3. In Chapter 4, the narrator reveals that Anne Robert Jacques Turgot was a famous French ________.
(a) Philosopher.
(b) Chemist.
(c) Physicist.
(d) Public servant.

4. Saussure found that plants grow better in an atmosphere rich in fixed air, up to a concentration of approximately ________ percent.
(a) 75.
(b) 30.
(c) 8.
(d) 90.

5. As a mathematician and rigorous metaphysician, ________ believed that the universe in all past, present, and future states followed a "preestablished harmony" laid down by God at the time of creation.
(a) Bourguet.
(b) Buffon.
(c) Haller.
(d) Leibniz.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the narrator in Chapter 4, who was the most successful searcher for "airs"?

2. Lavoisier, along with the chemists Macquer, Cadet, and Brisson, performed experiments on ________ at the highest temperature available.

3. In 1660, Robert Boyle published an account of experiments that he had performed with his ________, according to the narrator in Chapter 4.

4. Who called natural history the "great root and mother" of all the sciences and made it the indispensable prelude to his experimental philosophy in Chapter 5?

5. Acknowledging the existence of the gaseous states was a prerequisite for explaining combustion, the central problem of the ________, according to the narrator in chapter 4.

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the three main ingredients of the Chemical Revolution?

2. Briefly explain Joseph Priestley and his contribution to gas chemistry.

3. Explain the common property air and fire both shared.

4. Explain the importance of electricity producing muscle contractions.

5. What were a couple ways to promote the science of man according to Chapter 6?

6. Explain how probability as human judgment was important in law and in commercial transactions.

7. What were the four fragments of knowledge that probably contributed to Lavoisier's inspiration to research combustion?

8. What was the "Encyclopedie"?

9. Discuss the three social classes in France as described in Chapter 6.

10. Discuss Turgot's version of the science of man.

(see the answer keys)

This section contains 888 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) View a FREE sample