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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who saw his physiology as an animata anatome, an experimental science that investigated and explained the special properties and functions of living matter without going beyond the information obtained from the senses?
(a) D'Alembert.
(b) Glisson.
(c) Diderot.
(d) Haller.

2. Chapter 6 explains that ________ created the first stirrings of Romanticism.
(a) Darwin.
(b) Bayle.
(c) Rousseau.
(d) Newton.

3. Haller carried out his famous investigations into the sensibility and irritability of __________, according to Chapter 5.
(a) Water.
(b) Plant tissue.
(c) Animal tissue.
(d) Human tissue.

4. When experimentalists studied electricity, the ________ and the ________ were candidates for study because they both appeared to protect themselves electrically.
(a) Komodo dragon / sloth.
(b) Electric eel / sensitive plant.
(c) Great white shark / dolphin.
(d) Leafy seadragon / Hagfish.

5. What was the name of the leader of the natural history revival in England and the best naturalist of his age, according to the narrator in Chapter 5?
(a) Darwin.
(b) Ray.
(c) Foucault.
(d) Newton.

6. Chapter 6 explains ________ requires a science of man that uses methods comparable to those of the physical sciences.
(a) Scientology.
(b) Psychology.
(c) Philosophy.
(d) Social science.

7. Who opened his "Spirit of the Laws" with a definition of law in Chapter 6?
(a) Hume.
(b) Rousseau.
(c) Montesquieu.
(d) Voltaire.

8. According to the narrator at the beginning of Chapter 5, this chapter is about the world of living things and could be called ________, except as a word and as a discipline, it did not appear until the very end of the eighteenth century.
(a) Biology.
(b) Zoology.
(c) Geneology.
(d) Oceanography.

9. Chapter 5 reveals that in ________, natural theology declined after 1750 as a result of the anti-religious sentiment of the Enlightenment.
(a) England.
(b) America.
(c) Germany.
(d) France.

10. What was the name of the psychological explanation Buffon gave which are essentially the judgments made by men in taking risks, depending on the psychology of the individual balancing hope of gain against fear of loss?
(a) Theory of truth.
(b) Speculative reason.
(c) Manifolds.
(d) Moral probabilities.

11. Chapter 5 states that ________ means an inquiry or investigation into nature.
(a) Physiology.
(b) Naturology.
(c) Neurology.
(d) Natural history.

12. In Chapter 4, the narrator reveals that Anne Robert Jacques Turgot was a famous French ________.
(a) Philosopher.
(b) Public servant.
(c) Chemist.
(d) Physicist.

13. The search for a science of man began in the ________ century and was closely associated with the new experimental philosophy.
(a) 20th.
(b) 17th.
(c) 18th.
(d) 13th.

14. Van Helmont had proposed an ________ in the stomach that he believed to be the innermost essence of life and that acted by fermentation.
(a) Myxini.
(b) Nasalis.
(c) Axolotl.
(d) Archaeus.

15. In Chapter 5, the most scandalous physiology of all was "Man the Machine" of ________.
(a) Vincennes.
(b) Boerhaave.
(c) Shaftesbury.
(d) La Mettrie.

Short Answer Questions

1. Harvey followed the Aristotelian notion that the embryo began as a homogeneous mass and that the organs formed one after another from this homogeneous substance in a process called ________.

2. Joseph Black studied chemistry with ________ at Glasgow, serving for three years as his assistant, according to Chapter 4.

3. The ________ class in France was composed of those who manufactured and distributed goods made from the raw materials produced by the productive class.

4. The period that we call the Enlightenment ended with whom according to the narrator in Chapter 6?

5. Baron d'Holback's "System of Nature" became known as the ________, according to the narrator in Chapter 6.

(see the answer keys)

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