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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In Chapter 4, the narrator reveals that Anne Robert Jacques Turgot was a famous French ________.
(a) Public servant.
(b) Physicist.
(c) Chemist.
(d) Philosopher.

2. All of the following were the leading chemists and medical doctors, according to the beginning of Chapter 4, except for whom?
(a) Boerhaave.
(b) Black.
(c) Rumford.
(d) Stahl.

3. Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, Antoine de Jussieu, and Carl Linnaeus were considered ________, according to the narrator in Chapter 5.
(a) Cardiologists.
(b) Naturalists.
(c) Zoologists.
(d) Podiatrists.

4. Who, as both a chemist and a physician, was the first to criticize mechanistic explanations while his books on chemistry and physiology influenced Europe?
(a) Stahl.
(b) Shaw.
(c) Hoffmann.
(d) Cullen.

5. The search for a science of man began in the ________ century and was closely associated with the new experimental philosophy.
(a) 20th.
(b) 18th.
(c) 13th.
(d) 17th.

6. Chapter 5 states that the property of "irritability" had first been recognized by ________, who used it to explain why the gall bladder does not discharge bile into the intestines constantly but only when bile is needed.
(a) Bordue.
(b) Hoffmann.
(c) Glisson.
(d) Haller.

7. When experimentalists studied electricity, the ________ and the ________ were candidates for study because they both appeared to protect themselves electrically.
(a) Great white shark / dolphin.
(b) Komodo dragon / sloth.
(c) Leafy seadragon / Hagfish.
(d) Electric eel / sensitive plant.

8. Joseph Priestly and Henry Cavendish continued to use the term ________ for the action of fire in combustion, in Chapter 4.
(a) Phlogiston.
(b) Aeriform.
(c) Succumb.
(d) Vaporous.

9. What was the name of the leader of the natural history revival in England and the best naturalist of his age, according to the narrator in Chapter 5?
(a) Newton.
(b) Foucault.
(c) Ray.
(d) Darwin.

10. In Chapter 5, Ingen-Housz was able to show in his "Experiments on Vegetables" that it was ________ not ________, that was essential for the production of oxygen by the leaves.
(a) Heat / fertilizer.
(b) Sunlight / air.
(c) Sunlight / heat.
(d) Fertilizer / water.

11. The reintroduction of atomism into chemistry was accomplished by a meteorologist, ________, who became a chemist only when he saw the implications for chemistry of his ideas about the atmosphere.
(a) Berthollet.
(b) John Dalton.
(c) Lavoisier.
(d) Black.

12. What was Diderot's first philosophical work, according to the narrator in Chapter 5?
(a) Philosophical Thoughts.
(b) The Letter on the Blind.
(c) Encyclopedie.
(d) On the Interpretation of Nature.

13. Who called natural history the "great root and mother" of all the sciences and made it the indispensable prelude to his experimental philosophy in Chapter 5?
(a) Franklin.
(b) Lavoisier.
(c) Bacon.
(d) Newton.

14. Who saw his physiology as an animata anatome, an experimental science that investigated and explained the special properties and functions of living matter without going beyond the information obtained from the senses?
(a) Glisson.
(b) D'Alembert.
(c) Diderot.
(d) Haller.

15. The narrator in Chapter 6 explains that ________ is a function of the tension or lassitude of the "fibers" that compose the body.
(a) Stress.
(b) Temperment.
(c) Humility.
(d) Depression.

Short Answer Questions

1. The ________ greatly increased the demand for certain chemical products, such as alkalis and mineral acids, and the search for improved methods of manufacture resulted in new chemical techniques in metallurgy, ceramics, and textiles, especially in textile dyeing and bleaching.

2. Van Helmont had proposed an ________ in the stomach that he believed to be the innermost essence of life and that acted by fermentation.

3. Saussure found that plants grow better in an atmosphere rich in fixed air, up to a concentration of approximately ________ percent.

4. Beginning in 1760, all of the following individuals were considered the three best experimentalists of the century who were all drawn to the ovist version of the preformation theory except for which one?

5. Joseph Black studied ________, which had only recently been used as a medicine, according to Chapter 4.

(see the answer keys)

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