View a FREE sample

This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The crucial realization of the Chemical Revolution was that ________ was not a single element but a physical state that many chemical substances could assume, according to Chapter 4.
(a) Fire.
(b) Wind.
(c) Air.
(d) Earth.

2. The narrator explains in Chapter 6 that the ________ believed that the improvement of society could be brought about by making economic activity agree more closely with the laws implanted in nature by Providence.
(a) Physiocrats.
(b) Pantisocrat.
(c) Fermiers.
(d) Grains.

3. Before 1740, the standard authorities in physiology were all of the following individuals except for whom?
(a) Borelli.
(b) Bellini.
(c) Boerhaave.
(d) Newton.

4. The narrator explains that the most important elements for the Chemical Revolution were ________ and ________.
(a) Air / fire.
(b) Air / Earth.
(c) Fire / Earth.
(d) Earth / Water.

5. The period that we call the Enlightenment ended with whom according to the narrator in Chapter 6?
(a) D'Alembert.
(b) Rousseau.
(c) Lafayette.
(d) Condorcet.

6. The narrator reveals that Lavoisier heated water gently for ________days in a "pelican," an apparatus for constant distillation in which the water evaporates, then condenses, and finally runs back to be evaporated again.
(a) 101.
(b) 90.
(c) 365.
(d) 30.

7. Chapter 5 states that the property of "irritability" had first been recognized by ________, who used it to explain why the gall bladder does not discharge bile into the intestines constantly but only when bile is needed.
(a) Haller.
(b) Glisson.
(c) Hoffmann.
(d) Bordue.

8. In Chapter 5, who analyzed the mechanics of the muscles and skeleton of the human body and tried to explain muscular contraction as a hydraulic or mechanical inflation of the tissue?
(a) Boyle.
(b) Borelli.
(c) Grew.
(d) Descartes.

9. The narrator explains in Chapter 4 that the most popular textbooks in France during the first half of the eighteenth century were those of ________ and ________.
(a) Roi / Lavoisier.
(b) Boerhaave / Lemery.
(c) Cullen / Black.
(d) Stahl / Marggraf / Rouelle.

10. What was the name of the psychological explanation Buffon gave which are essentially the judgments made by men in taking risks, depending on the psychology of the individual balancing hope of gain against fear of loss?
(a) Speculative reason.
(b) Manifolds.
(c) Theory of truth.
(d) Moral probabilities.

11. In 1757, thirty years after Hales described his experiments with ________, Joseph Black discovered the phenomenon of ________.
(a) Latent heat / Fixed heat.
(b) Volatile liquid / fixed heat.
(c) Vaporization / Dissertation.
(d) Fixed air / latent heat.

12. The mathematical study of probability had begun in 1654 in a correspondence between ________ and ________.
(a) Locke / Black.
(b) Newton / Darwin.
(c) Quesnay / Voltaire.
(d) Pascal / Fermat.

13. Harvey followed the Aristotelian notion that the embryo began as a homogeneous mass and that the organs formed one after another from this homogeneous substance in a process called ________.
(a) Symbiosis.
(b) Epigenesis.
(c) Zygosis.
(d) Agenesis.

14. Saussure found that plants grow better in an atmosphere rich in fixed air, up to a concentration of approximately ________ percent.
(a) 75.
(b) 90.
(c) 8.
(d) 30.

15. When experimentalists studied electricity, the ________ and the ________ were candidates for study because they both appeared to protect themselves electrically.
(a) Electric eel / sensitive plant.
(b) Leafy seadragon / Hagfish.
(c) Komodo dragon / sloth.
(d) Great white shark / dolphin.

Short Answer Questions

1. In Chapter 5, the most scandalous physiology of all was "Man the Machine" of ________.

2. Acknowledging the existence of the gaseous states was a prerequisite for explaining combustion, the central problem of the ________, according to the narrator in chapter 4.

3. In his dialogue "D'Alembert's Dream," Diderot brought together the ideas of all of the following individuals except for whom?

4. Who opened his "Spirit of the Laws" with a definition of law in Chapter 6?

5. In Chapter 4, what is the name of the group of financiers who obtained from the French government the right to collect taxes?

(see the answer keys)

This section contains 569 words (approx. 2 pages at 300 words per page) View a FREE sample