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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 4, Chemistry.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the preface to his "Histoire" of the Paris Academy of Science, who argued in 1699 that the new "geometric spirit" could also improve works on politics, morals, literary criticism, and even public speaking?
(a) Varignon.
(b) Fontenelle.
(c) Newton.
(d) Leibniz.

2. The narrator reveals that mathematicians pursued ________, in which the physical object was reduced to a few idealized properties that were capable of quantification.
(a) Analysis.
(b) Synthesis.
(c) Psychology.
(d) Rational mechanics.

3. Contemporary chemistry recognized only one element in the gaseous state, and that was the element _______.
(a) Earth.
(b) Air.
(c) Water.
(d) Fire.

4. According to the narrator in Chapter 2, the only machine employed by rational mechanics was ________.
(a) The mind.
(b) The car.
(c) The soul.
(d) The body.

5. The crucial realization of the Chemical Revolution was that ________ was not a single element but a physical state that many chemical substances could assume, according to Chapter 4.
(a) Wind.
(b) Fire.
(c) Earth.
(d) Air.

Short Answer Questions

1. ________, working with the knowledge of latent heat, realized that a big difference in heat could be obtained with a small difference in temperature, if one compared water and ice.

2. Which German metaphysician, when asked in 1785 if he believed he lived in an enlightened age, answered, "No, we are living in an age of enlightenment."

3. All of the following English philosophers had shown convincingly that knowledge about the physical world could not be obtained from first principles without resort to experiment except for whom?

4. In Chapter 4, Abbe Condillac claimed that ________ was the best language because it had the best symbols.

5. According to Chapter 1, who made Newton into a supreme rationalist whose laws of motion were a priori deductions of pure thought?

(see the answer key)

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