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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When experimentalists studied electricity, the ________ and the ________ were candidates for study because they both appeared to protect themselves electrically.

2. In 1728, what was the name of the English Quaker who published in London a two-volume "Cyclopaedia" or universal dictionary of the arts and sciences?

3. Electricians in the following countries concluded from their experiments that electrified seeds germinated faster, that electrified plants sent out shoots earlier, and that electrified animals were slightly lighter than non-electrified ones, except for which country?

4. What was Diderot's first philosophical work, according to the narrator in Chapter 5?

5. Chapter 6 explains ________ requires a science of man that uses methods comparable to those of the physical sciences.

Short Essay Questions

1. Discuss the three social classes in France as described in Chapter 6.

2. Describe the three primary kinds of governments Montesquieu distinguished between in Chapter 6.

3. What were the three main ingredients of the Chemical Revolution?

4. Discuss Montesquieu's fourteenth book of the "Spirit of the Laws."

5. Explain how probability as human judgment was important in law and in commercial transactions.

6. What two other academic chores brought the problem of combustion to Lavoisier's attention?

7. Briefly explain Joseph Black as described in Chapter 4.

8. In what ways was the theory of epigenesis sophisticated?

9. What was the "Encyclopedie"?

10. Discuss the rise of experimental physiology in the 1740s.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Identify, analyze, and discuss the perspective in which "Science and the Enlightenment" was written.

Essay Topic 2

Explain the motion along a curve theory and its relevance to the Enlightenment.

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast the mechanical and vital explanations of natural phenomena, especially motion.

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This section contains 791 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) View a FREE sample