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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When searching for causes of ________ personality disorder, for example, different theories look for an experience of abandonment or isolation as a cause.
(a) Anxiety.
(b) Mood.
(c) Paranoid.
(d) Borderline.

2. _________ in theories of developmental origin, according to Stern, should be maintained.
(a) Flexibility.
(b) Promise.
(c) Usefulness.
(d) Respect.

3. Infants must understand the idea of __________, or their execution of the act and the ability to change between the two realities.
(a) Results.
(b) Perfection.
(c) Reversibility.
(d) Interaction.

4. __________ intensity, according to Stern, may not be the decisive influence that many have thought it to be.
(a) Affective.
(b) Problematic.
(c) Infective.
(d) Effective.

5. Once a child's ________ year of life begins, their language skills improve and begin to be a part of their experience.
(a) First.
(b) Fifth.
(c) Third.
(d) Second.

6. At times, search strategies and certain therapeutic approaches cause therapists to overemphasize some problems in _______, while ignoring others.
(a) Development.
(b) Emergence.
(c) Movement.
(d) Families.

7. _________, according to Stern, might result from difficulties translating information from one modality to another.
(a) Abilities.
(b) Geniuses.
(c) Pathologies.
(d) Family problems.

8. The process of affect attunement is a bit of a mystery, though many have speculated that ________ is not enough to get the process off the ground.
(a) Understanding.
(b) Imitation.
(c) Education.
(d) Speculation.

9. __________ theory has also given intense emotional states an important organizing role, according to Stern's research.
(a) Spock's.
(b) Jungian.
(c) Freudian.
(d) Psychoanalytic.

10. One indicator that might show possible future dangers for a core sense of self might be whether the infant's tolerance for ___________ is high.
(a) Understimulation.
(b) Overstimulation.
(c) Learning.
(d) Noise.

11. Children between fifteen and eighteen months can also begin to perform deferred _____ where they repeat behaviors observed and thus they can acquire new skills.
(a) Education.
(b) Witnessing.
(c) Learning.
(d) Imitation.

12. Stern notes there is some evidence from _________ research to support the view that emotional states have an important organizing role.
(a) Ancient.
(b) Memory.
(c) Adult.
(d) Criminal.

13. Stern doesn't like the idea of a barrier to stimuli because it is based on the idea of a period of life in which an infant is uninterested in ___________.
(a) Stimulus.
(b) Language.
(c) Learning.
(d) Parents.

14. Neurological and ethological viewpoints provide evidence that a sense of ______ is more sensitive during its formation.
(a) Other.
(b) Memory.
(c) Self.
(d) Knowledge.

15. The experience of the answer in #140 might be felt as the dissolution of the core sense of ________.
(a) Self.
(b) Possibility.
(c) Health.
(d) Anger.

Short Answer Questions

1. At this stage of development, infants become emotionally responsive to the perceptions of the _________ states of others.

2. Experimenters believe that ________ affects and vitality affects are attuned to, but perhaps primarily, vitality affects.

3. Experimenters have found that the attunement process often occurs beyond ___________, as found from speaking with and researching mothers.

4. Clinicians should keep _________ theory in the background when they practice, according to Stern.

5. Non-__________ is a situation in which the infant is unable to engage in an attunement of affect, as in the case of being around a mentally unstable person.

(see the answer keys)

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