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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What do many youth move back and forth between in terms of dysfunctional modes of Erikson's theory of identity development?

2. Who does Erikson use as an example to discuss the identity of blacks?

3. Within the Erikson's system of the self-concept, what is produced by the ego?

4. In light of Erikson's view on identity development within communities, what must communities recognize in youth?

5. What does Erikson state the ego is in that it knows and understands where it wants to go?

Short Essay Questions

1. What aspects are involved in defining the ego?

2. What is Erikson feel that terms such as "I" or "self" are confusing?

3. According to Erikson, why are youth so sensitive to the identities of the past?

4. What does Erikson mean when he refers to the adaptive ego?

5. In referring to Erikson's theory of racial identity development, how are the negative self images of minorities unintentionally reinforced by the majority?

6. The why does Erikson feel that anatomy is destiny?

7. Why does Erikson feel it is necessary to explore emotional reactions and resistance in terms of women's position in the world?

8. In Chapter 5, why has Erikson replace the term identity confusion with identity diffusion?

9. What is the difference between the Ego and "I"?

10. Why does Erikson's notion of identity resistance often occur and therapy?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the history of race identity development in America and provide an explanation of the current state of minority identity development.

Essay Topic 2

Is Erikson's theory of identity development valid? Provide examples to support your answer.

Essay Topic 3

In his discussion of youth their identity development, Erikson references for virtue in terms of "inherent strength" and "active equality." What is the role of virtue in youth identity development? Discuss why virtue is a necessary component of this development.

(see the answer keys)

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