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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Erikson suggest might save blacks from having to integrate their identities based on their own decision to do so?

2. What dose Erikson say psychoanalysts' fail to recognize about the ego?

3. What do youth recognize the need for during Erikson's stages of identity development?

4. How does Erikson think ideologies should be filled?

5. Considering Freud's elements of the mind, what are the counterweights of the ego?

Short Essay Questions

1. What resulted from Marx-Freud polarization?

2. According to post-Freudian theory, how is culture developed around women?

3. Why does Erikson believe political underground groups often target youth?

4. What is Erikson feel that terms such as "I" or "self" are confusing?

5. What is unique about a revolution or awareness of identity as discussed by Erikson in chapter eight "Race and Wider Identity"?

6. What is Erikson state that it is difficult for black mothers to push their children to be educated?

7. According to Erikson, why are youth so sensitive to the identities of the past?

8. How does Erikson propose a sketch of psychopathology can help make sense of a new identity?

9. According to Erikson, why is preoccupation with identity the symptom of alienation?

10. In referring to Erikson's theory of racial identity development, how are the negative self images of minorities unintentionally reinforced by the majority?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the importance of using case history to develop a theory of identity. Is this method valid? Why or why not? What other methods could be used in developing valid theory of identity development?

Essay Topic 2

Define the term "sense of basic trust" and discuss what this means to an infant in the beginning stages of identity development. How is stressed formed and what happens if trust is not formed? How are later stages affected by the successful or unsuccessful initiation of positive identity development? Use the book to support your answer.

Essay Topic 3

In the prologue, Erikson discusses the story about an old man who vomits daily. What is the significance of this story in terms of this man's identity? How can the story be used to further define or explain identity of an individual or culture?

(see the answer keys)

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