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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Freud, what is the third stage of development called?

2. As discussed in Chapter 2, who is able to trigger transference of models of identity formation within younger members of society?

3. Concerning Erikson's theory, when identity development is negative, what type of personalities may occur during the second stage of development?

4. How does Erikson suggest men were able to end the adolescent process?

5. What does Freud's consciousness of inner identity include?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was Freud's focus of theorizing?

2. What does Erikson suggests will happen if the youth do not grow up?

3. What is Erikson feel that the process of identity formation is the process of increasing differentiation?

4. Why does Erikson suggest that the second stage of identity development is a period of letting go?

5. What is Erikson state that he cannot accept Freud's notion that neurotic conflict is not different from normative conflict?

6. Why is a feeling of wholeness by the final stages of Erikson's identity development necessary in creating a positive identity?

7. What is Erikson suggest it is a good thing that the term crisis no longer means solely a bad event?

8. Why might it be reasonable to think pathological and developmental aspects of identity?

9. How do social scientists attempt to narrow the term identity down?

10. What is Erikson suggest that the Western sense of identity has been weakened?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Erikson titles Chapter 5 "Theoretical Interlude." For literary standpoint as well as instructional standpoint what is the purpose of Chapter 5? How this stopping the flow of information to discuss theory helps the readers better understand Erickson's few of identity development?

Essay Topic 2

Erikson suggests that wholeness generates basic trust; however, the notion of a totalitarian state suggests indoctrination and control. Discuss how these two concepts wholeness and a totalitarian state coexist as means for the ultimate identity development. Use information from the book to support human characteristics that serve to allow a totalitarian as well as Erickson's notion that the totalitarian state is the state to end all states.

Essay Topic 3

Define the term "sense of basic trust" and discuss what this means to an infant in the beginning stages of identity development. How is stressed formed and what happens if trust is not formed? How are later stages affected by the successful or unsuccessful initiation of positive identity development? Use the book to support your answer.

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