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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Erikson feel happens when a healthy personality deals with conflict?

2. In Chapter 2, what does Erikson feel about how psychologists treat social dynamics and external social elements?

3. As discussed by Erikson in Chapter 2, what occurs when a system either biological or social malfunctions?

4. What does William James state is discernible in mental or moral attitudes?

5. What can reinforce the process of negative identity formation in terms of Erikson's stages of identity development?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is Erikson feel that the process of identity formation is the process of increasing differentiation?

2. What does Erikson suggests will happen if the youth do not grow up?

3. Why might it be reasonable to think pathological and developmental aspects of identity?

4. What is Erikson use personal communications by two prominent psychologists in his opening discussion of identity?

5. According to Erikson's discussion in Chapter 4, how might a culture contribute to identity confusion?

6. According to Erikson, what is our earliest undifferentiated sense of identity?

7. When does Erikson state, concerning James and Shaw, that the adolescent process ended?

8. Why does Erikson suggest that the second stage of identity development is a period of letting go?

9. Why did William James refer to psychology as morbid psychology?

10. What is Erikson suggest it is a good thing that the term crisis no longer means solely a bad event?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In the prologue, Erikson discusses the story about an old man who vomits daily. What is the significance of this story in terms of this man's identity? How can the story be used to further define or explain identity of an individual or culture?

Essay Topic 2

Is identity formation guaranteed with age? If yes, discuss the result of identity formation on the elderly? If no, discuss what is necessary for this process to occur?

Essay Topic 3

Is Erikson's theory of identity development valid? Provide examples to support your answer.

(see the answer keys)

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