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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the definition of "identity" subject to?
(a) The future.
(b) The researcher.
(c) The individual.
(d) Changes in history.

2. What type of self is clear when examining Freud's dreams?
(a) Open-minded self.
(b) Identified self.
(c) Suppressed self.
(d) Confident self.

3. In discussing Freud's views on group identity, what does Erikson state is a major cause in identity becoming frustrating and disintegrated?
(a) When the role of identity in a group changes.
(b) When the group disbands.
(c) When groups members do not have their own identity.
(d) When there are too many leaders.

4. In observing groups of people being reeducated by American civil servants, what reason does Erikson provide for why this group became frustrated and identity development?
(a) They did not understand the culture.
(b) They did not speak the language.
(c) They did not want to be educated.
(d) They could not integrate the necessary steps for tangible future.

5. According to Erikson in Chapter 2, what occurs when the ego combines elements that result in an inability to form a positive self-image?
(a) Negative identity formation.
(b) Stereotyping.
(c) No identity formation.
(d) Ego synthesis fails.

6. According to the discussion in Chapter 2, the process of the ego helps individuals maintain their personalities and what type of fashion?
(a) Coherent.
(b) Positive.
(c) Incoherent.
(d) Selflessly.

7. What does Erikson state are not constantly bolstered, an idea that is contrary to popular belief?
(a) Strong egos.
(b) Weak egos.
(c) Self conscious.
(d) The arrogant.

8. What did Shaw care so much about being?
(a) Happy.
(b) Moral.
(c) Smart.
(d) Amoral.

9. Why was Erikson so impressed with Shaw?
(a) He could integrate the complex elements of life.
(b) He was very intelligent.
(c) He did not care what others thought.
(d) He developed a good theory of development.

10. As noted in Chapter 2, how can false or inaccurate ego identity formations be corrected after being developed by parents in terms of group identity development?
(a) They cannot be corrected.
(b) By immersion.
(c) By reworking associations.
(d) Through psychotherapy.

11. According to Erikson in terms of active identity formation individual who now can say they know where they are going, what has occurred?
(a) Psychosocial well-being.
(b) Psychological superiority.
(c) Identity completion.
(d) Wisdom.

12. What does Erikson feel may have been lost to modernity?
(a) Self-identity.
(b) Cosmic wholeness.
(c) Ideologies.
(d) Self-preservation.

13. The ________ cannot coexist with the increase in advances in a technologically led culture?
(a) The combination of individuality and the community.
(b) The dislike of regimentation and military enthusiasm.
(c) True identity formation of ego.
(d) Conformity of one.

14. How does Erikson suggest men were able to end the adolescent process?
(a) Get a job.
(b) Develop an adult identity.
(c) Subordinate their childhood identities to a new identity.
(d) Get married.

15. Concerning Erikson's theory, when identity development is negative, what type of personalities may occur during the second stage of development?
(a) Antisocial.
(b) Arrogance.
(c) Compulsive.
(d) Maladaptive behaviors.

Short Answer Questions

1. Because of an individual's tendency to define self based on history, what does Erikson think this self-based history leave little room for the individual to create?

2. When does the normative crisis of identity formation occur?

3. Because the terms "identity" and "identity crisis" are used in such a variety of situations, what have these terms become?

4. What is unique about each stage of Erikson's stages of identity development?

5. What does Erikson state is the first age of identity development involve in terms of conflict?

(see the answer keys)

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