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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Erikson suggest offers simplified perspectives in order to avoid confusion of societal beliefs and goals?
(a) Education.
(b) Community structure.
(c) Ideologies.
(d) Social understanding.

2. According to Erikson, what is the second stage of identity development?
(a) Trust vs. mistrust.
(b) Initiative vs. Guilt.
(c) Intimacy vs. isolation.
(d) Autonomy vs. shame.

3. According to the discussion in Chapter 2, the process of the ego helps individuals maintain their personalities and what type of fashion?
(a) Incoherent.
(b) Selflessly.
(c) Positive.
(d) Coherent.

4. What must occur for an individual to move from one stage of development to the next in Erikson's theory of development?
(a) He must feel safe.
(b) He must mast the previous stage.
(c) He must be invited.
(d) It is a natural process.

5. What does the success of identification during Erikson's stages of development depend on?
(a) Interacting with trustworthy models.
(b) Nothing.
(c) Parental support.
(d) It is society specific.

6. In developing Erikson' theory of group identity, what two processes must the ego consist of that assist in defining both body in community membership?
(a) Spiritual and biological.
(b) Biological and social.
(c) Social and mental.
(d) Spiritual and social.

7. According to Freud, what is the third stage of development called?
(a) Oral stage.
(b) Latent stage.
(c) The phallic stage.
(d) Anal stage.

8. During the process of Erikson's stages of identity development, what will depend on the total process of identity development?
(a) Psychosocial strength.
(b) Environment.
(c) Biology.
(d) Self.

9. In observing groups of people being reeducated by American civil servants, what reason does Erikson provide for why this group became frustrated and identity development?
(a) They could not integrate the necessary steps for tangible future.
(b) They did not want to be educated.
(c) They did not speak the language.
(d) They did not understand the culture.

10. According to Freud, what is the first stage of identity development called?
(a) Phallic stage.
(b) Oral stage.
(c) Latent stage.
(d) Anal stage.

11. What term does Erikson use to refer to the methods used throughout history to integrate identity?
(a) Methods of group formation.
(b) Methods of conformity.
(c) Methods of acquisition.
(d) Methods of identity.

12. What term does Erikson use to mean the factor that serves to integrate a person toward a common societal goal?
(a) Group identity.
(b) Gender identity.
(c) Sexual identity.
(d) Ego identity.

13. What was William James obsessed with his entire life?
(a) Social dysfunction.
(b) Morbid psychology.
(c) Identity.
(d) Self.

14. According to Erikson, in his review and observations of changes in culture, what does he suggest will become common values among today's youth?
(a) Choice and identity.
(b) Dissonance.
(c) Common identity.
(d) Leadership.

15. In the early 20th century, totalitarian disposition is best understood as what?
(a) Community needs.
(b) It was not understood at all.
(c) A universal human related to all parts of human nature.
(d) The self as separate from others.

Short Answer Questions

1. In discussing Freud's views on group identity, what does Erikson state is a major cause in identity becoming frustrating and disintegrated?

2. As discussed by Erikson in Chapter 2, what occurs when a system either biological or social malfunctions?

3. What might gaining a stronger self identity correspond to in relation to the majority of the population?

4. What does Freud's consciousness of inner identity include?

5. What aspects of Freud's theory of development does a functional ego integrate?

(see the answer keys)

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