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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What example does Erikson use in Foundations of Observation to clarify the disintegration of ego synthesis?
(a) Wartime trauma.
(b) Natural disasters.
(c) Adolescence.
(d) Homelessness.

2. In discussing Freud's views on group identity, what does Erikson state is a major cause in identity becoming frustrating and disintegrated?
(a) When there are too many leaders.
(b) When the role of identity in a group changes.
(c) When the group disbands.
(d) When groups members do not have their own identity.

3. Considering Erikson's theory of groups identity development, what type of group demands does ego identity help balance?
(a) Leadership conflicts.
(b) Members passions and instincts.
(c) Negative identities.
(d) Conformity.

4. Because the terms "identity" and "identity crisis" are used in such a variety of situations, what have these terms become?
(a) Embedded in society.
(b) Coined.
(c) Ritualized.
(d) Well-defined.

5. What was William James obsessed with his entire life?
(a) Social dysfunction.
(b) Self.
(c) Identity.
(d) Morbid psychology.

6. According to the discussion in Chapter 2, the process of the ego helps individuals maintain their personalities and what type of fashion?
(a) Selflessly.
(b) Positive.
(c) Coherent.
(d) Incoherent.

7. What was Shaw exposed to as a child?
(a) Alcoholism.
(b) Mental illness.
(c) Fighting.
(d) Music making.

8. Since there were few empirical studies, how did Erikson's study individuals?
(a) Psychoanalysis.
(b) Surveys.
(c) Through case study.
(d) Interviews.

9. According to Erikson, in his review and observations of changes in culture, what does he suggest will become common values among today's youth?
(a) Choice and identity.
(b) Dissonance.
(c) Leadership.
(d) Common identity.

10. That does introjection mean in terms of Erikson's stages of identity development for groups other than the majority?
(a) Think about the future.
(b) Explore your identity.
(c) Think about the past.
(d) Incorporating another's image.

11. According to Freud, what is the first stage of identity development called?
(a) Latent stage.
(b) Oral stage.
(c) Anal stage.
(d) Phallic stage.

12. What does Erikson suggest society's child training systems does for the uniqueness of society?
(a) Provide meaning.
(b) Strengthen it.
(c) Preserve it.
(d) Increase standard of living.

13. Erikson feels that Freud's intellect is a gift that stems from what?
(a) Good genes.
(b) A hostile limitation of opportunities.
(c) A good education.
(d) A strong identity.

14. What is one example that Erikson provides for the notion of "evil ego identity"?
(a) Ethnic stereotypes.
(b) Self loathing.
(c) Gender stereotypes.
(d) Confusion.

15. What does the success of identification during Erikson's stages of development depend on?
(a) Nothing.
(b) It is society specific.
(c) Interacting with trustworthy models.
(d) Parental support.

Short Answer Questions

1. What must occur for an individual to move from one stage of development to the next in Erikson's theory of development?

2. What does Erikson state are not constantly bolstered, an idea that is contrary to popular belief?

3. In order to create a positive ego what does Erikson state must be tested?

4. As discussed in Chapter 2, who is able to trigger transference of models of identity formation within younger members of society?

5. When does Erikson feel individuals develop trust?

(see the answer keys)

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