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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Erikson, what does totalitarianism require of society?
(a) A combination of identities.
(b) Conformity.
(c) Nothing.
(d) A sense of legitimacy of state power.

2. At what stage in Erikson's theory of development may an individual begin to lose confidence or identity and enter period of listlessness?
(a) Generativity vs. stagnation.
(b) Autonomy vs. shame.
(c) Intimacy vs. isolation.
(d) Industry vs. inferiority.

3. What style of identity combines medieval conception of community with modern disobedience and nonviolence?
(a) Anarchy.
(b) Individual.
(c) Conformity.
(d) Peacenik.

4. According to Erikson, in his review and observations of changes in culture, what does he suggest will become common values among today's youth?
(a) Dissonance.
(b) Choice and identity.
(c) Common identity.
(d) Leadership.

5. What does it mean when the author states, "to review the concept of identity"?
(a) Sketch its history.
(b) Give a lecture.
(c) Disprove identity.
(d) Write an outline.

6. What does Erikson feel happens when a healthy personality deals with conflict?
(a) Their identity becomes confused.
(b) They lose their identity.
(c) They actively master the situation.
(d) Nothing.

7. What is the definition of "identity" subject to?
(a) Changes in history.
(b) The researcher.
(c) The future.
(d) The individual.

8. What does Erikson suggest wholeness of the individual is associated with?
(a) Positive psychology.
(b) Totalitarianism.
(c) The earth.
(d) Equilibrium and health.

9. What type of self is clear when examining Freud's dreams?
(a) Confident self.
(b) Identified self.
(c) Suppressed self.
(d) Open-minded self.

10. What does Erikson state are not constantly bolstered, an idea that is contrary to popular belief?
(a) Strong egos.
(b) Self conscious.
(c) Weak egos.
(d) The arrogant.

11. What was Shaw exposed to as a child?
(a) Fighting.
(b) Mental illness.
(c) Alcoholism.
(d) Music making.

12. What are two characteristics Erikson applies to the task of the ego in order to maintain and organize its existence?
(a) Straightforward and never-ending.
(b) Weak and meaningless.
(c) Demanding and authoritative.
(d) Ceaseless and essential.

13. Erikson states that we deal with the process located in the core of the individual and where else?
(a) The core of his communal culture.
(b) In his past.
(c) Among his family.
(d) Within himself.

14. What is the core part of identity formation that cannot be separated from this formation?
(a) Individuality.
(b) Collectivism.
(c) Authority acceptance.
(d) Peace of mind.

15. After James' long identity crisis, what did he decide to be?
(a) Dependant on society.
(b) A psychologist.
(c) Self-governing.
(d) Antisocial.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why does Erikson warn the reader not to expect any solid development of mythology in terms of integrating the work on identity over the past two decades?

2. Since there were few empirical studies, how did Erikson's study individuals?

3. According to Freud, what is the first stage of identity development called?

4. What is present within each period of Erikson's theory of identity development?

5. What may be gained as an individual enters Erikson's final stage of development when their overall development has been positive and healthy?

(see the answer keys)

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