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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How the James decide he could strengthen his ego?
(a) Simply learning.
(b) Meditating and breathing.
(c) By doing, suffering, and creating.
(d) Embracing positive experiences.

2. What might gaining a stronger self identity correspond to in relation to the majority of the population?
(a) Totalitarianism.
(b) Anarchy.
(c) A strong societal bond.
(d) Emancipation from society.

3. In the early 20th century, totalitarian disposition is best understood as what?
(a) The self as separate from others.
(b) A universal human related to all parts of human nature.
(c) It was not understood at all.
(d) Community needs.

4. According to Erikson, what is the third stage of development?
(a) Intimacy vs. isolation.
(b) Trust vs. mistrust.
(c) Autonomy vs. shame.
(d) Initiative vs. guilt.

5. During the fourth stage of Erikson's theory of development, what occurs when an individual is successful?
(a) Feelings of superiority.
(b) Feelings of independence.
(c) Feelings of industry.
(d) Feelings of guilt.

6. What does Erikson feel happens when a healthy personality deals with conflict?
(a) They actively master the situation.
(b) Their identity becomes confused.
(c) They lose their identity.
(d) Nothing.

7. According to the discussion in Chapter 2, the process of the ego helps individuals maintain their personalities and what type of fashion?
(a) Positive.
(b) Selflessly.
(c) Incoherent.
(d) Coherent.

8. What is one example that Erikson provides for the notion of "evil ego identity"?
(a) Ethnic stereotypes.
(b) Gender stereotypes.
(c) Self loathing.
(d) Confusion.

9. What does Erikson believe is an intrinsic part of maturation?
(a) Identity formation.
(b) Growth.
(c) Questioning one's identity.
(d) Identity crisis.

10. Why was Erikson so impressed with Shaw?
(a) He could integrate the complex elements of life.
(b) He did not care what others thought.
(c) He developed a good theory of development.
(d) He was very intelligent.

11. In Chapter 2, what does Erikson feel about how psychologists treat social dynamics and external social elements?
(a) The coexist.
(b) As keys to social competence.
(c) As deep rooted elements of social identity.
(d) As surface events.

12. What does Erikson feel may have been lost to modernity?
(a) Cosmic wholeness.
(b) Self-identity.
(c) Self-preservation.
(d) Ideologies.

13. What does William James state is discernible in mental or moral attitudes?
(a) History.
(b) Family.
(c) Character.
(d) Culture.

14. What was Shaw exposed to as a child?
(a) Alcoholism.
(b) Mental illness.
(c) Fighting.
(d) Music making.

15. In Chapter 2, Foundations and Observation, during his discussion on group identity, what group of people does Erikson observe group changes to make his point?
(a) The Aztec Indians.
(b) Middle class Whites.
(c) The Sioux Indians.
(d) Blacks.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was William James obsessed with his entire life?

2. What does Erikson state is the first age of identity development involve in terms of conflict?

3. What does Erikson suggest society's child training systems does for the uniqueness of society?

4. What style of identity combines medieval conception of community with modern disobedience and nonviolence?

5. When does Erikson feel individuals develop trust?

(see the answer keys)

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