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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Erikson suggest wholeness of the individual is associated with?
(a) Totalitarianism.
(b) Positive psychology.
(c) Equilibrium and health.
(d) The earth.

2. According to Freud, what is the first stage of identity development called?
(a) Oral stage.
(b) Phallic stage.
(c) Latent stage.
(d) Anal stage.

3. What is the core part of identity formation that cannot be separated from this formation?
(a) Collectivism.
(b) Individuality.
(c) Peace of mind.
(d) Authority acceptance.

4. Erikson states that we deal with the process located in the core of the individual and where else?
(a) The core of his communal culture.
(b) In his past.
(c) Among his family.
(d) Within himself.

5. What example does Erikson use in Foundations of Observation to clarify the disintegration of ego synthesis?
(a) Natural disasters.
(b) Adolescence.
(c) Wartime trauma.
(d) Homelessness.

6. What does Erikson believe is an intrinsic part of maturation?
(a) Identity formation.
(b) Questioning one's identity.
(c) Identity crisis.
(d) Growth.

7. What do most new generations confront as a result of scientific and technological changes?
(a) Possibilities for artificial wisdom.
(b) A repeat of the past.
(c) Radically new possibilities and forms of thought.
(d) Increased identity confusion.

8. What was William James obsessed with his entire life?
(a) Morbid psychology.
(b) Self.
(c) Social dysfunction.
(d) Identity.

9. Where does the process of identity formation began?
(a) As a toddler.
(b) As an adolescent.
(c) With mother and baby.
(d) As a young adult.

10. What is unique about each stage of Erikson's stages of identity development?
(a) Conflict.
(b) The build on one another.
(c) They are flexible.
(d) They are concrete.

11. According to Erikson in Chapter 2, what does personal identity focus on?
(a) Conscious feelings.
(b) Place in society.
(c) Unconscious feelings.
(d) Feelings of others.

12. What can reinforce the process of negative identity formation in terms of Erikson's stages of identity development?
(a) Arrogance.
(b) Negative parental reactions.
(c) Biology.
(d) Weak ego.

13. What does Erikson feel happens when a healthy personality deals with conflict?
(a) They lose their identity.
(b) Their identity becomes confused.
(c) Nothing.
(d) They actively master the situation.

14. Concerning Erikson's theory, when identity development is negative, what type of personalities may occur during the second stage of development?
(a) Compulsive.
(b) Antisocial.
(c) Maladaptive behaviors.
(d) Arrogance.

15. Why was Erikson so impressed with Shaw?
(a) He could integrate the complex elements of life.
(b) He was very intelligent.
(c) He did not care what others thought.
(d) He developed a good theory of development.

Short Answer Questions

1. During the final stages of Erikson's stages of identity development, what type of feelings may individual experiencing stagnation feel?

2. What does Freud suggest a fearless freedom of thinking is?

3. As discussed in Chapter 2, who is able to trigger transference of models of identity formation within younger members of society?

4. During the fourth stage of Erikson's theory of development, what occurs when an individual is successful?

5. After James' long identity crisis, what did he decide to be?

(see the answer keys)

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