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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How the James decide he could strengthen his ego?
(a) By doing, suffering, and creating.
(b) Simply learning.
(c) Meditating and breathing.
(d) Embracing positive experiences.

2. Considering Erikson's stages of identity development, how long does a six stage of identity development last?
(a) Throughout adolescence.
(b) Only throughout late adulthood.
(c) A lifetime.
(d) Into adulthood.

3. What does Erikson suggest wholeness of the individual is associated with?
(a) Totalitarianism.
(b) Positive psychology.
(c) Equilibrium and health.
(d) The earth.

4. What does Erikson state are not constantly bolstered, an idea that is contrary to popular belief?
(a) Strong egos.
(b) Self conscious.
(c) The arrogant.
(d) Weak egos.

5. What do most new generations confront as a result of scientific and technological changes?
(a) Radically new possibilities and forms of thought.
(b) Increased identity confusion.
(c) A repeat of the past.
(d) Possibilities for artificial wisdom.

6. What did Shaw convinced himself he was?
(a) A helper.
(b) A complete outsider.
(c) A genius.
(d) A leader.

7. According to Erikson in Chapter 2, what occurs when the ego combines elements that result in an inability to form a positive self-image?
(a) No identity formation.
(b) Stereotyping.
(c) Ego synthesis fails.
(d) Negative identity formation.

8. In terms of Erikson's theory of individual development, what is required in order to transcend toward individuality?
(a) Identity.
(b) Family support.
(c) Intelligence.
(d) Meditation.

9. After James' long identity crisis, what did he decide to be?
(a) A psychologist.
(b) Dependant on society.
(c) Self-governing.
(d) Antisocial.

10. What does William James state is discernible in mental or moral attitudes?
(a) Family.
(b) Character.
(c) History.
(d) Culture.

11. According to Erikson, how long does it take for identity to develop?
(a) A lifetime.
(b) 5 years.
(c) Identity if formed at birth.
(d) 30 years.

12. According to Freud, what is the first stage of identity development called?
(a) Anal stage.
(b) Latent stage.
(c) Phallic stage.
(d) Oral stage.

13. What is one thing that Erikson states comes with each stage of identity development?
(a) Understanding of self.
(b) A widening social radius.
(c) Closing off of society.
(d) An emotional separation.

14. In order to create a positive ego what does Erikson state must be tested?
(a) Ability for introspection.
(b) Current reality against identity.
(c) Mental acuity.
(d) Current intelligence and identity.

15. Concerning Erikson's theory, when identity development is negative, what type of personalities may occur during the second stage of development?
(a) Antisocial.
(b) Compulsive.
(c) Maladaptive behaviors.
(d) Arrogance.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does it mean when the author states, "to review the concept of identity"?

2. As noted in Chapter 2, how can false or inaccurate ego identity formations be corrected after being developed by parents in terms of group identity development?

3. Since there were few empirical studies, how did Erikson's study individuals?

4. At what stage in Erikson's theory of development may an individual begin to lose confidence or identity and enter period of listlessness?

5. What term does Erikson use to describe the fluctuation of ego strength and high growth potential?

(see the answer keys)

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