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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What do youth desire as they go through Erikson's stages of identity development?
(a) Unique identities.
(b) Similar identities.
(c) Dissonance.
(d) Acceptance from society.

2. According to Erikson, what must be understood in order to define the ego?
(a) Genetics.
(b) Nature.
(c) Society.
(d) Individual differences.

3. In order to successful integration to occur what does Erikson feel must fit together?
(a) The past and the present.
(b) Identity and race.
(c) Minorities and majorities.
(d) Life and natural history.

4. How does Erikson say black males have been exploited?
(a) As domestic animals.
(b) As humans.
(c) Psychologically.
(d) Physically.

5. What often occurs when youth are isolated according to Erikson's theory of identity development?
(a) They yearn for love and become a joiner.
(b) They remain isolated.
(c) They develop aggressive identities.
(d) They develop self actualized identities.

Short Answer Questions

1. What term does Erikson use for a biological life cycle?

2. For women, as proposed by Erikson, when does adulthood begin?

3. Considering Freud's elements of the mind, what are the counterweights of the ego?

4. What do the elements of the self produce in light of Erikson's theory of identity development?

5. What according to Erikson, what involves testing, selecting, and integrating self images?

Short Essay Questions

1. In Chapter 5, why has Erikson replace the term identity confusion with identity diffusion?

2. Why does Erikson feel it is important to have a clear identity when one has numerous options for identity available?

3. What is the difference between the Ego and "I"?

4. What does Erikson think is different about the male and female focus of identity?

5. What does the process of identity confirmation include?

6. According to Erikson, why are youth so sensitive to the identities of the past?

7. How does Erikson propose a sketch of psychopathology can help make sense of a new identity?

8. Why does Erikson's notion of identity resistance often occur and therapy?

9. Why does Erikson feel it is necessary to explore emotional reactions and resistance in terms of women's position in the world?

10. Why does Erikson believe political underground groups often target youth?

(see the answer keys)

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