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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What, according to Erikson, is destructive for blacks?
(a) Gender identity.
(b) Negative identity.
(c) Positive identity.
(d) Group identity.

2. What does Erikson state youth often experience, which is evidence of identity diffusion?
(a) Collaboration.
(b) Understanding.
(c) Rebellion.
(d) Estrangement.

3. What does Erikson wish youth would search for?
(a) Self.
(b) Something not sanctioned by society.
(c) Common ground with society.
(d) Truth based on society.

4. Where does Erikson feel our self representations stem from?
(a) Parents.
(b) Psychosocial crises of childhood.
(c) Future prospects.
(d) History.

5. How is Erikson's theory of identity consciousness overcome?
(a) When a person gives up searching for identity.
(b) When a sense of identity is achieved.
(c) Through self actualization.
(d) We are always conscious of our identity.

6. What aspect of life does Erikson suggest women suffer over excessively?
(a) Finding identity.
(b) Having a family.
(c) Getting a better job.
(d) Helping other.

7. How does Erikson feel the majority of women react to feminists?
(a) With indifference.
(b) Revert to old ways.
(c) Strongly.
(d) Weakly.

8. What does Erikson say about the absence of black fathers?
(a) It is the only reason for identity confusion.
(b) It is physically.
(c) It is the downfall of the race.
(d) It is only psychologically.

9. What often occurs when youth are isolated according to Erikson's theory of identity development?
(a) They develop self actualized identities.
(b) They develop aggressive identities.
(c) They yearn for love and become a joiner.
(d) They remain isolated.

10. What does Erikson resist characterizing modern youth as?
(a) Lacking virtue.
(b) Self-absorbed.
(c) Lacking identity.
(d) Ready for adulthood.

11. According to Erikson, what must be understood in order to define the ego?
(a) Society.
(b) Genetics.
(c) Individual differences.
(d) Nature.

12. What does Erikson risk in plotting a new course of understanding regarding identity and ego development?
(a) Finding the truth.
(b) Offending other scientists.
(c) Being one sided.
(d) There are no risks.

13. What does Erikson feel the biological process of psychoanalysis has become?
(a) Obsolete.
(b) Pseudobiology.
(c) Essential but not emphasized enough.
(d) The forefront of study.

14. What two characteristics does Erikson believe are central to the female identity?
(a) Empathy and happiness.
(b) Independence and family.
(c) Empathy and family.
(d) Sterness and family.

15. Within the Erikson's system of the self-concept, what is produced by the ego?
(a) Self-representation.
(b) Self-respect.
(c) Self-preservation.
(d) Self-loathing.

Short Answer Questions

1. In light of Erikson's view on identity development within communities, what must communities recognize in youth?

2. What arises from achieving a sense of identity or a revolution of awareness as proposed in Erikson's theory of racial identity development?

3. According to Erikson's theory, what is psychologically different between males and females?

4. According to Erikson, by meeting the youth's needs what occurs in terms of the historical context?

5. Why does Erikson feel focus has moved to women?

(see the answer keys)

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