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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why does Erikson suggest women are more passive than men?
(a) Psychology.
(b) Socialization.
(c) Biology.
(d) Environment.

2. What does Erikson say about the absence of black fathers?
(a) It is the only reason for identity confusion.
(b) It is the downfall of the race.
(c) It is only psychologically.
(d) It is physically.

3. What does Erikson feel one must explore in a discussion of women that may block meaningful discussion?
(a) Emotional reactions and resistances.
(b) Physical reactions and resistances.
(c) Psychological reactions and resistances.
(d) Intellectual reactions and resistances.

4. What term does Erikson use for a biological life cycle?
(a) Ego.
(b) Id.
(c) Psyche.
(d) Soma.

5. Based on Freud's theory of identity, Ego identity results in two actions, one of which is synthesizing the frontiers of the ego; what is the other action?
(a) Merging self with the environment.
(b) Completing identity.
(c) Merging self with the past.
(d) Analyzing the frontiers of the ego.

6. What type of feelings does Erikson proposed are experienced by those in oppressed groups?
(a) Indifference and loathing.
(b) Superiority and self-love.
(c) Interest in other groups.
(d) Inferiority and self-hate.

7. How does feminists often react during times of identity development and social change, as proposed in Erikson's theory?
(a) With indifference.
(b) Revert to old ways.
(c) Strongly.
(d) Weakly.

8. According to Erikson's theory, what is psychologically different between males and females?
(a) Their notions of success.
(b) Everything.
(c) Their ability to express empathy.
(d) Their psychological spaces.

9. The oppression of blacks, according to Erikson has done what to the mother-father presence?
(a) Created identity diffusion.
(b) Nothing significant.
(c) Created identity confusion.
(d) Created an imbalance.

10. What two components within Erikson's theory are important for youth to base their identities on?
(a) Childhood and ideologies.
(b) Morals and community structure.
(c) Future and childhood.
(d) Ideologies and the future.

11. How are Erikson's ideologies of youth fulfilled?
(a) By society.
(b) Intellectual cultivation.
(c) Technology.
(d) By the youth themselves.

12. What do youth try to balance while going through Erikson's stages of identity development?
(a) Fidelity and identity.
(b) Fidelity and diversity.
(c) Diversity and identity.
(d) Diversity and society.

13. In light of Erikson's view on identity development within communities, what must communities recognize in youth?
(a) Their identity.
(b) Their rebellion.
(c) Their lack of identity.
(d) Their energy.

14. What elements does Erikson suggest can be caused by the demand to develop a distinct identity?
(a) Confusion.
(b) Ego strength.
(c) Split identities.
(d) Anxiety.

15. According to Erikson, how are oppressed groups' negative identities confirmed?
(a) When majorities deny their oppression.
(b) When minorities recognize they are oppressed.
(c) When majorities recognize their oppression.
(d) By their actions.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Erikson state is difficult for black mothers in terms of their children?

2. What does Erikson state youth often experience, which is evidence of identity diffusion?

3. What dose Erikson say psychoanalysts' fail to recognize about the ego?

4. What to processes, according to Erikson as discussed in Chapter 5, are tied together?

5. According to Erikson, what must be understood in order to define the ego?

(see the answer keys)

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