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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Erikson state are not constantly bolstered, an idea that is contrary to popular belief?
(a) Strong egos.
(b) Self conscious.
(c) Weak egos.
(d) The arrogant.

2. According to Erikson, how long does it take for identity to develop?
(a) 5 years.
(b) A lifetime.
(c) 30 years.
(d) Identity if formed at birth.

3. What does Shaw find his childhood exposures to have been?
(a) Extraordinary.
(b) Intrusively noisy.
(c) Destructive.
(d) Enlightening.

4. What aspects of Freud's theory of development does a functional ego integrate?
(a) Biological and psychosexual.
(b) Psychosocial and biological.
(c) Social and environmental.
(d) Psychosocial and psychosexual.

5. What is unique about each stage of Erikson's stages of identity development?
(a) They are flexible.
(b) The build on one another.
(c) They are concrete.
(d) Conflict.

Short Answer Questions

1. In Chapter 2, Foundations and Observation, during his discussion on group identity, what group of people does Erikson observe group changes to make his point?

2. Considering Erikson's stages of identity development, how long does a six stage of identity development last?

3. That does introjection mean in terms of Erikson's stages of identity development for groups other than the majority?

4. What term does Erikson use to refer to the methods used throughout history to integrate identity?

5. Since there were few empirical studies, how did Erikson's study individuals?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why does Erikson suggest that the second stage of identity development is a period of letting go?

2. What is Erikson state that he cannot accept Freud's notion that neurotic conflict is not different from normative conflict?

3. Why is a feeling of wholeness by the final stages of Erikson's identity development necessary in creating a positive identity?

4. When does Erikson state, concerning James and Shaw, that the adolescent process ended?

5. According to Erikson, why is early adolescents signified by feelings of initiative or guilt?

6. What is Erikson feel that the process of identity formation is the process of increasing differentiation?

7. According to Erikson's discussion in Chapter 4, how might a culture contribute to identity confusion?

8. What does Erikson feel is significant about the adolescent identity crisis?

9. What does Erikson suggests will happen if the youth do not grow up?

10. What does Erikson mean by the term psychosocial moratorium?

(see the answer keys)

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