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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Because the terms "identity" and "identity crisis" are used in such a variety of situations, what have these terms become?
(a) Coined.
(b) Embedded in society.
(c) Ritualized.
(d) Well-defined.

2. What is the definition of "identity" subject to?
(a) The individual.
(b) The future.
(c) Changes in history.
(d) The researcher.

3. In Chapter 2, Foundations and Observation, during his discussion on group identity, what group of people does Erikson observe group changes to make his point?
(a) Middle class Whites.
(b) The Sioux Indians.
(c) Blacks.
(d) The Aztec Indians.

4. What does Shaw find his childhood exposures to have been?
(a) Extraordinary.
(b) Destructive.
(c) Intrusively noisy.
(d) Enlightening.

5. What does Erikson's theory suggest concerning how children gain a sense of what their adult identities should be?
(a) By looking to community members.
(b) Learning about being an adult.
(c) Watching TV.
(d) It comes natural.

Short Answer Questions

1. Erikson states that we deal with the process located in the core of the individual and where else?

2. When does the normative crisis of identity formation occur?

3. Considering Erikson's stages of identity development, how long does a six stage of identity development last?

4. In observing groups of people being reeducated by American civil servants, what reason does Erikson provide for why this group became frustrated and identity development?

5. What term does Erikson use to refer to the methods used throughout history to integrate identity?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to Erikson, why is early adolescents signified by feelings of initiative or guilt?

2. What does Erikson mean by the term psychosocial moratorium?

3. Considering group identity developing, in light of Erikson's stages of development, how do individuals make group decisions in order to ease the pressures of making difficult decisions?

4. What is Erikson suggest it is a good thing that the term crisis no longer means solely a bad event?

5. How does introjection help the ego grow in Erikson's theory of identity development?

6. What is the role of ideologies and identity development?

7. What does Erikson suggests will happen if the youth do not grow up?

8. How do social scientists attempt to narrow the term identity down?

9. What does Erikson suggest should our implicit scheme include in addition to growth?

10. When does Erikson state, concerning James and Shaw, that the adolescent process ended?

(see the answer keys)

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