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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to the discussion in Chapter 2, the process of the ego helps individuals maintain their personalities and what type of fashion?
(a) Selflessly.
(b) Coherent.
(c) Incoherent.
(d) Positive.

2. What does Erikson state youth need so they do not languish in a strictly episodical conscious expansion?
(a) A set of guidelines for identity.
(b) Wisdom.
(c) Understanding of the past.
(d) Leadership that can be resistant.

3. What does Erikson state are not constantly bolstered, an idea that is contrary to popular belief?
(a) Weak egos.
(b) Self conscious.
(c) The arrogant.
(d) Strong egos.

4. During the Erikson's second stage of development, what does the individual gain when identity has developed in a healthy manner?
(a) Mental development.
(b) Confidence and control over himself.
(c) Wisdom.
(d) Independence.

5. Erikson notes that James' youth was full of emotional strains in struggles for what?
(a) Identity formation.
(b) Happiness.
(c) Love.
(d) Sanity.

Short Answer Questions

1. Because the terms "identity" and "identity crisis" are used in such a variety of situations, what have these terms become?

2. According to Freud, what is the third stage of development called?

3. What did Shaw convinced himself he was?

4. What does Erikson state is the first age of identity development involve in terms of conflict?

5. In Chapter 2, Foundations and Observation, during his discussion on group identity, what group of people does Erikson observe group changes to make his point?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is Erikson suggest that the Western sense of identity has been weakened?

2. When does Erikson state, concerning James and Shaw, that the adolescent process ended?

3. What is the role of ideologies and identity development?

4. According to Erikson, what is our earliest undifferentiated sense of identity?

5. What is Erikson suggest that the development of trust or mistrust in the first age and identity development is the cornerstone of an individual's personality?

6. According to Erikson, why is early adolescents signified by feelings of initiative or guilt?

7. What does Erikson feel is significant about the adolescent identity crisis?

8. What does Erikson mean by the term psychosocial moratorium?

9. How does Erikson think acute identity confusion manifests?

10. What are some unique characteristics discussed at the beginning of Chapter 4 concerning George Bernard Shaw?

(see the answer keys)

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