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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Erikson feel may have been lost to modernity?
(a) Cosmic wholeness.
(b) Ideologies.
(c) Self-identity.
(d) Self-preservation.

2. According to Erikson, in his review and observations of changes in culture, what does he suggest will become common values among today's youth?
(a) Common identity.
(b) Dissonance.
(c) Choice and identity.
(d) Leadership.

3. At what stage in Erikson's theory of development may an individual begin to lose confidence or identity and enter period of listlessness?
(a) Intimacy vs. isolation.
(b) Generativity vs. stagnation.
(c) Autonomy vs. shame.
(d) Industry vs. inferiority.

4. What style of identity combines medieval conception of community with modern disobedience and nonviolence?
(a) Conformity.
(b) Anarchy.
(c) Individual.
(d) Peacenik.

5. Why was Erikson so impressed with Shaw?
(a) He was very intelligent.
(b) He could integrate the complex elements of life.
(c) He did not care what others thought.
(d) He developed a good theory of development.

Short Answer Questions

1. In Chapter 2, Foundations and Observation, during his discussion on group identity, what group of people does Erikson observe group changes to make his point?

2. What does Erikson state that childhood and youth predispose men to?

3. Because of an individual's tendency to define self based on history, what does Erikson think this self-based history leave little room for the individual to create?

4. Considering Erikson's theory of groups identity development, what type of group demands does ego identity help balance?

5. What aspects of Freud's theory of development does a functional ego integrate?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to Erikson's discussion in Chapter 4, how might a culture contribute to identity confusion?

2. What does Erikson suggest is immune to the failure of ego synthesis?

3. What is Erikson state that he cannot accept Freud's notion that neurotic conflict is not different from normative conflict?

4. According to Erikson, what is our earliest undifferentiated sense of identity?

5. Why is a feeling of wholeness by the final stages of Erikson's identity development necessary in creating a positive identity?

6. Considering Erikson's theory of identity development, how does the parent's tendency to remain stuck in adolescents affect youth's identity development?

7. What are some unique characteristics discussed at the beginning of Chapter 4 concerning George Bernard Shaw?

8. Why did William James refer to psychology as morbid psychology?

9. When does Erikson state, concerning James and Shaw, that the adolescent process ended?

10. What is Erikson suggest that the development of trust or mistrust in the first age and identity development is the cornerstone of an individual's personality?

(see the answer keys)

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