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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What may be gained as an individual enters Erikson's final stage of development when their overall development has been positive and healthy?
(a) Reflection.
(b) Wisdom.
(c) Hopelessness.
(d) Peace.

2. What example does Erikson use in Foundations of Observation to clarify the disintegration of ego synthesis?
(a) Wartime trauma.
(b) Adolescence.
(c) Homelessness.
(d) Natural disasters.

3. What does Erikson believe is an intrinsic part of maturation?
(a) Growth.
(b) Identity crisis.
(c) Identity formation.
(d) Questioning one's identity.

4. What can reinforce the process of negative identity formation in terms of Erikson's stages of identity development?
(a) Negative parental reactions.
(b) Biology.
(c) Weak ego.
(d) Arrogance.

5. What does the success of identification during Erikson's stages of development depend on?
(a) Parental support.
(b) Interacting with trustworthy models.
(c) It is society specific.
(d) Nothing.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was Shaw exposed to as a child?

2. What term does Erikson use to describe the fluctuation of ego strength and high growth potential?

3. Concerning Erikson's theory, when identity development is negative, what type of personalities may occur during the second stage of development?

4. What style of identity combines medieval conception of community with modern disobedience and nonviolence?

5. What type of self is clear when examining Freud's dreams?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why is a feeling of wholeness by the final stages of Erikson's identity development necessary in creating a positive identity?

2. What is Erikson suggest that the Western sense of identity has been weakened?

3. What is the role of ideologies and identity development?

4. Considering Erikson's theory of identity development, how does the parent's tendency to remain stuck in adolescents affect youth's identity development?

5. Why might it be reasonable to think pathological and developmental aspects of identity?

6. What does Erikson feel is significant about the adolescent identity crisis?

7. According to Erikson, why might it be petty to attempt to define "identity" or "identity crisis"?

8. What does Erikson mean by the term psychosocial moratorium?

9. What does Erikson suggest should our implicit scheme include in addition to growth?

10. According to Erikson, what is our earliest undifferentiated sense of identity?

(see the answer keys)

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