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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Erikson, what is the third stage of development?
(a) Initiative vs. guilt.
(b) Intimacy vs. isolation.
(c) Autonomy vs. shame.
(d) Trust vs. mistrust.

2. Concerning Erikson's theory, when identity development is negative, what type of personalities may occur during the second stage of development?
(a) Compulsive.
(b) Antisocial.
(c) Maladaptive behaviors.
(d) Arrogance.

3. As discussed in Chapter 2, who is able to trigger transference of models of identity formation within younger members of society?
(a) Peers.
(b) Self.
(c) Church leaders.
(d) Parents.

4. What is the core part of identity formation that cannot be separated from this formation?
(a) Individuality.
(b) Authority acceptance.
(c) Collectivism.
(d) Peace of mind.

5. What do most new generations confront as a result of scientific and technological changes?
(a) Possibilities for artificial wisdom.
(b) Radically new possibilities and forms of thought.
(c) A repeat of the past.
(d) Increased identity confusion.

Short Answer Questions

1. What can reinforce the process of negative identity formation in terms of Erikson's stages of identity development?

2. In terms of Erikson's theory of individual development, what is required in order to transcend toward individuality?

3. What does Erikson suggest society's child training systems does for the uniqueness of society?

4. Erikson notes that James' youth was full of emotional strains in struggles for what?

5. How does Erikson feel adults eventually settle on an identity?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does introjection help the ego grow in Erikson's theory of identity development?

2. What does Erikson suggest should our implicit scheme include in addition to growth?

3. What was Freud's focus of theorizing?

4. How does Erikson use child training to describe group identity formation?

5. What does Erikson suggest is immune to the failure of ego synthesis?

6. Why does Erikson suggest that the second stage of identity development is a period of letting go?

7. What is Erikson suggest that the development of trust or mistrust in the first age and identity development is the cornerstone of an individual's personality?

8. Why is a feeling of wholeness by the final stages of Erikson's identity development necessary in creating a positive identity?

9. According to Erikson, why is early adolescents signified by feelings of initiative or guilt?

10. Why might it be reasonable to think pathological and developmental aspects of identity?

(see the answer keys)

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