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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What refers to the study of signs and sign processes, indication, designation, likeness, analogy, metaphor, symbolism, signification, and communication?

2. What is the third realm of hyper reality discussed by Eco in "Travels in Hyper Reality"?

3. What is the first type of Middle Ages presented by Eco in order to approach the subject in a disciplined way?

4. The two ideologies of progress cited by Eco in "The Sacred is Not Just a Fashion" are suggested by the media to be the foundation for the re-birth of what?

5. One of the effects of zoos and aquariums, according to Eco, is that animals have been erroneously what?

Short Essay Questions

1. What conclusions does Eco present in "Culture as a Show Business"?

2. Why does Eco refute the argument of the media in "The Sacred is Not Just a Fashion"?

3. Describe the holographic display in Section I - Chapter 1. What does Eco suggest about holography?

4. What does Eco describe in the beginning of "Striking at the Heart of the State"?

5. How does Eco define the "neo-medieval wave" in Section III Chapter 2?

6. What is Eco's principle argument in "Living in the New Middle Ages"?

7. What does Eco write of American realism in Section I - Chapter 1?

8. What is a "real hero" according to Eco in "Why are They Laughing in Those Cages?"

9. What philosophies does Eco describe in "Towards a Semiological Guerrilla Warfare"? What are his conclusions?

10. What is described in "Whose Side are the Orixa on?" What are Eco's conclusions?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Define and discuss guerrilla warfare. What is the definition of guerrilla warfare and where did this concept arise?

Essay Topic 2

Describe the Getty and Ringling Museums. Where are they located and by whom were they originated? Why does Eco discuss each?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the Middle Ages of national identities, the Middle Ages of Decadentism, and the Middle Ages of philological reconstruction. How do these three types relate to one another and how do they apply to American culture today?

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