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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What should a shaman NOT do when feeling dis-spirited?

2. After a shaman successfully retrieves a patient's power animal from the Lowerworld, what's the next step?

3. What element is often reported in many successful guardian spirit journeys?

4. When the Coastal Salish wear masks and dance their spirit guardians, what does Harner call this practice?

5. Harner presents one shaman's drawings of the tunnel to Lowerworld. What does it look like?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe what the author says about being able to restore power to a patient from a distance.

2. In the power restoration exercise Harner presents for the reader, what is the participant told to avoid?

3. When was the book Natural Magick written, and what is it about?

4. What does Harner recommend for novice shamans trying to communicate with guardian spirit animals?

5. Why should a shaman avoid trying to heal when he or she is feeling dis-spirited?

6. How can a shaman tell whether or not an individual has a guardian spirit?

7. What connection does a patient often have with a returned spirit animal?

8. What is the bone game?

9. Explain what the author is saying when he speaks of Coyote and Raven as groups or species.

10. What does Harner say about shamanism and synchronicity?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Harner states that whether the shaman is working in ordinary or non-ordinary reality, the experience is real and healing takes place in both realms. Explain what makes the non-ordinary experience real. Then, answer the following: how does healing occur when the shaman is working in non-ordinary reality?

Essay Topic 2

Explain the purpose of the shaman working with the following conditions or tools:

1. In total or partial darkness.

2. With drumming, chanting, and rattles.

3. Using plants.

Essay Topic 3

Why would a Westerner with no prior experience with shamanistic practices develop an interest in them? How might he or she benefit from knowing and practicing some of these rituals? What precautions might he or she need to take?

(see the answer keys)

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