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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. For the Jivaro, where do guardian spirits reside primarily?

2. A shaman will blow a spirit animal into a patient through:

3. What is the most famous method of acquiring a guardian animal spirit?

4. Before trying to retrieve a power animal, the shaman needs what?

5. An especially powerful type of power object is the quartz crystal, which a shaman often associates with:

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Essie Parrish, a California Pomo Indian, acquire her first power song?

2. Describe what Harner refers to as the "Calling The Beasts" ritual.

3. How do power animals first show themselves to a shaman?

4. In the power restoration exercise Harner presents for the reader, what is the participant told to avoid?

5. In the power restoration exercise presented to the reader in Chapter 5, what typically happens when the participant goes through the tunnel and reaches the Lowerworld?

6. What does Harner recommend for novice shamans trying to communicate with guardian spirit animals?

7. What might a restless or shocked power animal do?

8. When was the book Natural Magick written, and what is it about?

9. What does a shaman do upon successfully retrieving a power animal for a patient?

10. Why does a power animal need to be danced regularly?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe similarities middle-class Americans who try shamanism report regarding the portal to Lowerworld and their firsthand experiences in non-ordinary reality. Why does the author emphasize these similarities? What do they convey regarding the nature of shamanism?

Essay Topic 2

Compare and contrast shamanistic techniques for healing with traditional Western medicine practices. In our current society, is there room for both modalities to complement each other? Explain why or why not.

Essay Topic 3

Harner asserts that the less technologically advanced a society is, the more advanced it is in its shamanic practices. Do you feel his assessment is accurate? Why or why not? Supply examples to support your argument.

(see the answer keys)

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