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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Particularly during the Inquisition, many Christian church leaders considered animal transformation to be what?

2. Harner notes that in modern technology, quartz crystals are used in what?

3. How many guardian animals does a person have in a lifetime?

4. What happens to a power object when it no longer moves a person emotionally?

5. Who wrote "Natural Magick" in 1562?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Essie Parrish, a California Pomo Indian, acquire her first power song?

2. In the power restoration exercise Harner presents for the reader, what is the participant told to avoid?

3. What connection does a patient often have with a returned spirit animal?

4. How do the Jivaro know if a person has or doesn't have a guardian animal spirit?

5. Explain what the author is saying when he speaks of Coyote and Raven as groups or species.

6. How do power animals first show themselves to a shaman?

7. Describe what the author says about being able to restore power to a patient from a distance.

8. How does a shaman obtain a power song needed to retrieve a power animal?

9. What does Harner say about shamanism and synchronicity?

10. What is a vision quest?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Why would a Westerner with no prior experience with shamanistic practices develop an interest in them? How might he or she benefit from knowing and practicing some of these rituals? What precautions might he or she need to take?

Essay Topic 2

In the past, and even today, some traditional world religions look unfavorably upon shamanism. Explain what some traditional religions believe about shamanistic practices. How might world cultures advance if greater tolerance and acceptance was practiced towards shamanic peoples? Explain and support your answer.

Essay Topic 3

Harner explains that in most shamanic cultures, it's important that people are woken up slowly. Explain why. Also, explain the connection between the belief that power animals travel and the reason for waking someone up gradually.

(see the answer keys)

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