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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. After the power animal in the Lowerworld alerts the shaman that it is ready to accompany him or her, what is the shaman supposed to do?

2. How does the 1562 book, "Natural Magick," make reference to shamans?

3. A shaman will blow a spirit animal into a patient through:

4. In the exercise Harner gives the reader for dancing one's animal guardian spirit, what is the participant asked to do?

5. Harner indicates that a tonal animal is linked to someone's fate in what?

Short Essay Questions

1. What might a restless or shocked power animal do?

2. What is the bone game?

3. How did Essie Parrish, a California Pomo Indian, acquire her first power song?

4. Describe what Harner refers to as the "Calling The Beasts" ritual.

5. Explain what the author is saying when he speaks of Coyote and Raven as groups or species.

6. In the power restoration exercise Harner presents for the reader, what is the participant told to avoid?

7. What does a shaman do upon successfully retrieving a power animal for a patient?

8. What are power objects, and what are they for?

9. What does Harner recommend for novice shamans trying to communicate with guardian spirit animals?

10. Where do "big dreams" come from, and what purpose do they serve?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Explain the role of guardian spirits, spirit helpers, and power animals. Do you feel there is a significant difference between these entities? How do they differ? In what ways are they similar? Cite three separate instances showing when a shaman would call upon one particular entity over the other two.

Essay Topic 2

Compare and contrast shamanistic techniques for healing with traditional Western medicine practices. In our current society, is there room for both modalities to complement each other? Explain why or why not.

Essay Topic 3

Harner asserts that the less technologically advanced a society is, the more advanced it is in its shamanic practices. Do you feel his assessment is accurate? Why or why not? Supply examples to support your argument.

(see the answer keys)

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