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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. On the guided power restoration journey that involves descending down a tunnel, the author cautions against encountering:

2. How many guardian animals does a person have in a lifetime?

3. When first communicating with a guardian spirit animal, what does the author recommend novices do before engaging in detailed conversations?

4. Why does Harner state that it doesn't matter whether the animal that has appeared is fierce or gentle?

5. According to Harner, what are "big dreams?"

Short Essay Questions

1. In the power restoration exercise Harner presents for the reader, what is the participant told to avoid?

2. What is the bone game?

3. Describe what Harner writes about the mythical past link between humans and animals.

4. What is a vision quest?

5. How do power animals first show themselves to a shaman?

6. What does Harner recommend for novice shamans trying to communicate with guardian spirit animals?

7. Explain what the author is saying when he speaks of Coyote and Raven as groups or species.

8. What might a restless or shocked power animal do?

9. Where do "big dreams" come from, and what purpose do they serve?

10. In the power restoration exercise presented to the reader in Chapter 5, what typically happens when the participant goes through the tunnel and reaches the Lowerworld?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Harner names humility, respect for nature, and the ability to honor an experience as three traits needed by a good shaman. Explain why each is important in shamanic practices. How do the three traits work together to help the shaman? the patient?

Essay Topic 2

Harner asserts that the less technologically advanced a society is, the more advanced it is in its shamanic practices. Do you feel his assessment is accurate? Why or why not? Supply examples to support your argument.

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast shamanistic techniques for healing with traditional Western medicine practices. In our current society, is there room for both modalities to complement each other? Explain why or why not.

(see the answer keys)

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