2. Harner explains that some shamanic students report using caves as:
(a) Hiding places.
(b) Sanctuaries.
(c) Sensory deprivation stations.
(d) Portals.

3. Why do individuals need the protection of a guardian spirit?
(a) To counter chaotic spirits.
(b) To maintain a strong, steady heartbeat.
(c) To reach adulthood.
(d) They are weak.

4. What must the shaman feed his spirit helpers?
(a) Coffee nectar.
(b) Tobacco water.
(c) Vanilla beans.
(d) Ground allspice.

5. Harner's reports of the rituals, symbols, and visions of the different tribes he observes are what?
(a) Similar.
(b) Foreign.
(c) Simplistic.
(d) Disturbing.

6. Harner's personal observation is that people develop shamanism as a tool for using the power of the human mind for what?
(a) For entertainment and enlightenment.
(b) For esoteric purposes.
(c) To control others.
(d) To address critical issues.

7. Why does Harner include the examples of the Lakota Sioux and Coast Salish tribes for Westerners in particular?
(a) Because more than anyone else, Westerners need to understand the nuances of shamanism.
(b) To give them examples of shamanism that might be more familiar to them.
(c) To illustrate the universal nature of shamanism.
(d) So that they can see that shamanism can be accessed without the use of drugs.

8. If SSC stands for shamanic state of consciousness, what does OSC stand for?
(a) Other-worldly shamanic consciousness.
(b) Orthogonal state of consciousness.
(c) Ordinary shamanic consciousness.
(d) Ordinary state of consciousness.

9. Included in the reports from participants of Harner's first guided shamanic exercise are:
(a) Numerous cases of people experiencing nausea and vertigo.
(b) Accounts of disappearing momentarily and not being seen by others in the room.
(c) Suggestions on what to do when encountering an impenetrable obstacle.
(d) Detailed conversations with star people and other extraterrestrials.

10. How might a shaman be distinguished from other medicine men?
(a) By the tattoo markings given him or her by a mentor.
(b) By the animal tokens they carry in a pouch.
(c) By the ability to enter altered states of consciousness at will.
(d) By the ability to handle poisonous substances without incurring harm.

11. In the cultures Harner studies, shamans are primarily:
(a) Children.
(b) Women.
(c) Grandmothers.
(d) Men.

12. Why does a shaman enter a shamanic state of consciousness?
(a) For a serious, specific purpose.
(b) To prove to the elders that he or she is a shaman.
(c) To practice astral travel.
(d) For clarity and balance.

13. What do various cultures report noticing the shaman give off when in a shamanic state of consciousness?
(a) A highly directional beam of light, like a laser.
(b) Rhythmic sounds.
(c) An unusually sweet aroma.
(d) Light in a halo effect.

14. What does Harner compare his near-death experience with the Conibo to?
(a) Ancient Daoism stories.
(b) Teachings of Confucius.
(c) The concept of reincarnation.
(d) Descriptions in the Bible.

15. How is a shamanic state of consciousness, or SSC, achieved?
(a) By calling upon spirit guides to pull the shaman's spirit out of the body and hurl it to the heavens.
(b) By drinking nettle tea and fasting for five days.
(c) By entering a trance state and using methods of cosmic geography and nonordinary reality.
(d) By chanting songs passed down by tribal peoples and drinking fermented coffee.