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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In rock-seeing, a shaman takes two rocks, sits with them, poses a question, and then examines the stones for what?
(a) Traces of minerals that can be used for healing rituals.
(b) Signs that the stones have transformed during the session.
(c) Living creatures or features that provide clues regarding answers.
(d) Words temporarily appearing on the surface pointing to an answer.

2. What does Harner recommend that the aspiring shaman listen to?
(a) Birds singing.
(b) Flowing water.
(c) Chanting.
(d) Drumming.

3. According to the author, who has a guardian spirit, whether recognized or not?
(a) Curanderos.
(b) Leaders.
(c) Shamans.
(d) Everyone.

4. In early experiences with the Conibo, Harner hears rushing:
(a) Water.
(b) Trains.
(c) Cattle.
(d) Wind.

5. How might a shaman be distinguished from other medicine men?
(a) By the animal tokens they carry in a pouch.
(b) By the ability to enter altered states of consciousness at will.
(c) By the tattoo markings given him or her by a mentor.
(d) By the ability to handle poisonous substances without incurring harm.

6. Harner asserts that shamanism transcends any particular what?
(a) Falsehood.
(b) Scholarly assessment.
(c) Philosophy.
(d) Culture.

7. What is the role of amnesia in a shaman's rituals?
(a) It's an essential tool.
(b) It's always used on patients who've experienced trauma.
(c) It's rarely involved.
(d) It's shunned and never used.

8. Why do individuals need the protection of a guardian spirit?
(a) To counter chaotic spirits.
(b) To maintain a strong, steady heartbeat.
(c) To reach adulthood.
(d) They are weak.

9. Harner asserts that shamanism has advanced in areas without technological innovations because:
(a) Of the need by these people to find ways to deal with survival and health issues.
(b) These people are neither distracted nor electromagnetically impaired by electronic interference.
(c) The plant world communicates better with people when there is no technological interference.
(d) Technology hasn't erased these people's ability to tap into their intuition.

10. Master shamans focus on a triumvirate which is composed of what?
(a) Virtues, strength, and vitality.
(b) The heart, brain, and lungs.
(c) Knowledge, power, and healing.
(d) Emotions, thoughts, and breath work.

11. On his or her first guided journey, the shaman student is asked by Harner to visualize what?
(a) A starry sky and the patterns the stars form.
(b) A favorite animal or element of nature.
(c) An opening in the earth that feels acceptable.
(d) A quiet, tranquil scene that includes the element of water.

12. One person who tried Harner's step-by-step guided journey exercise reported bringing back what by accident?
(a) A monkey spirit guide.
(b) A beneficial being.
(c) A healing code.
(d) A message for a friend.

13. How old is shamanism estimated to be?
(a) Approximately 12,000 years old.
(b) No one can even guess.
(c) At least 20,000 to 30,000 years old.
(d) Less than 3,000 years old.

14. How do spirit helpers assist the shaman?
(a) By helping the shaman engage in divination of the past, present, and future.
(b) By keeping the shaman's third eye open at all times to see alternate realities.
(c) By spying on others and reporting back to the shaman.
(d) By whispering truths into the shaman's otherworldly ears.

15. How do the Conibo access the Lowerworld?
(a) Through secret holes dug by their ancestors.
(b) Using a giant catahua tree root system.
(c) Riding on the backs of patagonian capybaras.
(d) By chanting and dancing all night in front of a fire.

Short Answer Questions

1. With the help of spirit helpers and two tsentak inside his mouth, the shaman can help the patient by:

2. The author emphasizes that not all tribes use what in their shamanic practices?

3. Shaman's do not challenge the validity of someone else's what?

4. How do shamans use their guardian spirits?

5. During the Lakota practice of rock-seeing, a shaman considers a problem while walking through what?

(see the answer keys)

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