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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. An especially powerful type of power object is the quartz crystal, which a shaman often associates with:
(a) The earth's magnetic field.
(b) Waterfalls, streams, and caverns.
(c) Lightning, storms, and electricity.
(d) Light, the sky, and celestial bodies.

2. What does Harner recommend to a shaman student if he or she meets frightening creatures, such as fanged serpents or fish with teeth?
(a) Close your eyes, count to three, and continue forward if the creature has disappeared.
(b) Come back up the tunnel and try again later.
(c) Show no fear and proceed with caution.
(d) Sing a power song and ask for protection.

3. According to Jivaro tradition, a shaman must seek out a guardian spirit how often?
(a) On an empty stomach.
(b) At least every two weeks.
(c) No more than once a month.
(d) During a full moon.

4. What do anthropologists refer to as divination?
(a) The act of shaking a shamanic rattle in six directions.
(b) Information a shaman shares immediately after emerging from the Lowerworld tunnel.
(c) A patient's spontaneous healing after a shaman's visit.
(d) Consultation between a shaman and his or her animal.

5. Why does the author say dancing is an effective way to keep one's animal close?
(a) It creates vibrant energy the animal enjoys.
(b) It exercises and honors the animal.
(c) Animals are hypnotized by the dancing.
(d) Animals are attracted to movement.

Short Answer Questions

1. The shamans among Scandinavian Laps often become what?

2. When the shaman has a question, the guardian spirit animal may answer it by:

3. Frequently, a patient has bonded with his or her power animal in:

4. What do the Jivaro do so that newborns can see their guardians?

5. What do the Jivaro see in someone who possesses a guardian?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why should a shaman avoid trying to heal when he or she is feeling dis-spirited?

2. What are power objects, and what are they for?

3. What is the bone game?

4. How does a shaman obtain a power song needed to retrieve a power animal?

5. What does Harner say about shamanism and synchronicity?

6. Where do "big dreams" come from, and what purpose do they serve?

7. Describe what Harner writes about the mythical past link between humans and animals.

8. How can a shaman tell whether or not an individual has a guardian spirit?

9. Describe what Harner refers to as the "Calling The Beasts" ritual.

10. Give a brief summary of the exercise the author presents to the reader on how to dance one's animal guardian spirit.

(see the answer keys)

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