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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Schopenhauer suggest is a deception of nature that disillusions?

2. What does Kant say divides man into sects that does not join them together?

3. What does Schopenhauer say the intellect does but the will does not?

4. What is the result of Spencer's considering philosophy a generalization of all science?

5. What, according to Schopenhauer, is the only way to convince someone?

Short Essay Questions

1. Briefly discuss Bergson's idea of creative evolution.

2. How does Nietzsche see Christian theology in his day?

3. How does Schopenhauer illustrate, along with Aristotle, that the power of will drives plants, animals and man?

4. What select group is Schopenhauer included in during the first half of the 19th century?

5. What is the implication of Schopenhauer's claim that the world is his idea in his book, The World as Will and Idea?

6. Describe Schopenhauer's views of youth and old age.

7. Describe briefly Spencer's definition of life.

8. Describe Kant's sequential order of knowledge leading up to an organized life.

9. How is Immanuel Kant's work burst on the European consciousness?

10. How does Spencer see his fame?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Write an essay on Aristotle's Golden Mean. Include how it is not the same as a mathematical mean. Give an Aristotelian example of the Golden Mean and one that you observe from modern life.

Essay Topic 2

Write a critical essay on Durant's book. Discuss his organization of the book and the selection of philosophers he chose to feature. Conclude with a recommendation for others to read the book.

Essay Topic 3

Write an essay on a priori truth regardless of our experience. Explain in your essay the meaning of a priori and give examples of a priori universals that we cannot even imagine being otherwise.

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