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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What causes Bergson to become a famous popular philosopher?
(a) his world travels and lectures
(b) his work, Creative Evolution
(c) his winning the Nobel Prize
(d) his denouncement of Darwin

2. How does the German Bismarck eliminate Europe's delusions, democracy, and ideals?
(a) recognizing that nations are not autonimous.
(b) recognizing that nations do not share altruism
(c) recognizing that nations now aid one another
(d) recognizing that nations have different philosophies

3. How does Kant classify an action done in accord with one's inner sense of duty?
(a) as holy
(b) as habitual
(c) as good
(d) as isolated

4. What has a materialistic bias from mathematics and mechanics through the developing sciences?
(a) research and development
(b) modernism
(c) capitalism
(d) philosophical speculation

5. As Russell visits China, he develops new perspectives and better understanding of a profounder culture to what effect?
(a) his habits change
(b) his curiosity grows
(c) his mathematical formula is proven
(d) his philosophic systems loosen

6. Why does Schopenhauer's book receive little attention at first?
(a) the publisher prints only a few copies
(b) nobody recognizes the name of Schopenhauer
(c) Europe is too poor and exhausted to read about its own condition
(d) people have grown tired of reading philosophies

7. How does Schopenhauer say people rationalize the things they acquire?
(a) reasons are manufactured to suit the climate
(b) a need to keep current in a changing world
(c) only wanting things that have a built in reason
(d) reasons are found after getting what is wanted or willed

8. What does Russell conclude is too big for his mathematical formulas?
(a) the world
(b) philosophy
(c) the differences between cultures
(d) space

9. What does Kant say divides man into sects that does not join them together?
(a) creed and ritual
(b) authority and legalism
(c) fear and suspicion
(d) language and custom

10. Where does Croce get the idea that history is a process of choosing a lie that is closest to the truth?
(a) from Nietzsche
(b) from rousseau
(c) from Plato and Aristotle
(d) from Schopenhauer

11. What bold denial of Kant's is based on reduction of religion to moral faith and hope?
(a) the denial of rational theology
(b) the denial of logical theology
(c) the denial of pantheology
(d) the denial of inspired theology

12. What, according to Schopenhauer, is the only way to convince someone?
(a) appealing to self-interest
(b) applying philosophy
(c) applying force
(d) appealing to reason

13. What does Schopenhauer see as the cause of strife and misery?
(a) ideas
(b) religion
(c) the will
(d) wars

14. What are the second and third volumes of Spencer's work in 1872?
(a) The Evolution of Life
(b) The Evolution of Science
(c) The Evolution of Species
(d) The Evolution of Thought

15. In what work does Spencer freely express his best ideas with suggestive generalization and political philosophy?
(a) The Evolution of Life
(b) The Evolution of Thought
(c) The Evolution of Mind
(d) The Evolution of Society

Short Answer Questions

1. What rouses the world from dogmatism?

2. On what does Spencer say the soul of men living humble and precarious lives relies?

3. What is Schopenhauer's masterpiece?

4. What is Kant's critical analysis of the moral basis of religion?

5. What does Nietzsche claim causes fulfillment of woman and narrowing of man?

(see the answer keys)

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