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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Instead of God and heaven, what does Spencer define as life?
(a) equilibration and dissolution
(b) regulation and manumission
(c) desperation and satisfaction
(d) confusion and evolution

2. What are the two contrary valuations of human behavior, according to Nietzsche?
(a) the high and the mighty
(b) the moralist and the scientist
(c) the good and the bad
(d) the master and the herd

3. What concept does Spencer share with Schopenhauer?
(a) reality cannot be determined
(b) everything is chaos
(c) human effort is futile
(d) philosophy is an illusion

4. What does Kant classify as a result of an oligarchic constitution wherein the spoils of war go to a greedy few?
(a) the constant religious wars that go on in the world
(b) the expansion and conquests of the Prussian regime
(c) the European revolts again divinely appointed kings
(d) the militarism of Europe's expansion into America, Africa and Asia

5. What affects Schopenhauer as he travels through France and Austria?
(a) the severe changes in the weather
(b) the clashes between the Catholic church and Protestantism
(c) the chaos, poverty, unrest and misery of the towns he visits
(d) the philosophy of the post-revolutionary period

6. Where does Croce get the idea that history is a process of choosing a lie that is closest to the truth?
(a) from rousseau
(b) from Nietzsche
(c) from Schopenhauer
(d) from Plato and Aristotle

7. What does Schopenhauer say the intellect does but the will does not?
(a) talks and needs listeners
(b) reads and needs instruction
(c) works and needs direction
(d) tires and needs sleep

8. What does Spencer label as the art of methodical self-confusion?
(a) psychology
(b) scientology
(c) metaphysics
(d) frenology

9. What early 19th century philosopher is included in a group of pessimists, poets and composers considered the voices of the age?
(a) Hegel
(b) Rene Rousseau
(c) Schopenhauer
(d) Immanuel Kant

10. What does Kant say divides man into sects that does not join them together?
(a) fear and suspicion
(b) creed and ritual
(c) language and custom
(d) authority and legalism

11. What is Benedetto Croce's first book about?
(a) the war of 1914
(b) the economics of Karl Marx
(c) social order during wartime
(d) materialism as a mature method of thought

12. What does Bergson see as active forces in evolution?
(a) time and space
(b) work and leisure
(c) opportunity and conditionality
(d) impulse and desire

13. What does Russell conclude is too big for his mathematical formulas?
(a) the world
(b) space
(c) philosophy
(d) the differences between cultures

14. To what does Schopenhauer agree a priori?
(a) the individual believes he is controlled
(b) the will is easily controlled
(c) the individual believes his will is free
(d) the will is developed through experience

15. What are the second and third volumes of Spencer's work in 1872?
(a) The Evolution of Thought
(b) The Evolution of Species
(c) The Evolution of Life
(d) The Evolution of Science

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Schopenhauer say is the first law of sexual attraction?

2. What does Nietzsche claim causes fulfillment of woman and narrowing of man?

3. By Spencer's time, what is the third stage of philosophical thought?

4. What does Spencer affirm that needs centralization, government power, apathy and individual subordination?

5. With what famous composer does does Nietzsche study the piano?

(see the answer keys)

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