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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Schopenhauer see as the cause of strife and misery?
(a) the will
(b) wars
(c) religion
(d) ideas

2. What becomes the Gospel on which Nietzsche's other works comment?
(a) himself
(b) Schopenhauer
(c) Wagner
(d) Zarathustra

3. To what does Spencer conclude the same principles of evolution in biology also apply?
(a) philosophy
(b) all sciences
(c) metaphysics
(d) religion

4. Who is the author of Time and Free-will?
(a) Henri Bergson
(b) Descartes
(c) Spencer
(d) Schopenhauer

5. On what does Spencer say the soul of men living humble and precarious lives relies?
(a) more on reality than on possibility
(b) more on future hope than reality
(c) more on guidence than education
(d) more on mythology than on science

6. Where does Schopenhauer go to write a doctoral dissertation in philosophy?
(a) the monastery
(b) the library
(c) the university
(d) the country

7. What causes Bergson to become a famous popular philosopher?
(a) his work, Creative Evolution
(b) his denouncement of Darwin
(c) his winning the Nobel Prize
(d) his world travels and lectures

8. How does Schopenhauer describe his situation?
(a) a rider without a horse
(b) an artist painting for the blind
(c) a musician playing to a deaf audience
(d) a rifle without a bullet

9. What does Kant say divides man into sects that does not join them together?
(a) authority and legalism
(b) creed and ritual
(c) fear and suspicion
(d) language and custom

10. In what work does Spencer freely express his best ideas with suggestive generalization and political philosophy?
(a) The Evolution of Thought
(b) The Evolution of Life
(c) The Evolution of Society
(d) The Evolution of Mind

11. How is Nietzsche found after he suffers a fit of apoplexy?
(a) sitting in a tub of cold water
(b) wandering aimlessly on the streets
(c) locked in his bedroom
(d) mad, playing the piano, singing and crying

12. Historically, what is an attempt to discover and explain the ultimate nature of reality?
(a) physics
(b) metaphysics
(c) biology
(d) theology

13. What does Spencer define as the subjective accompaniment of mechanically evolved nerve processes?
(a) heart
(b) biology
(c) mind
(d) education

14. How does the German Bismarck eliminate Europe's delusions, democracy, and ideals?
(a) recognizing that nations now aid one another
(b) recognizing that nations do not share altruism
(c) recognizing that nations have different philosophies
(d) recognizing that nations are not autonimous.

15. Why does Nietzsche claim that morality and theology must be reconstructed?
(a) to make it more appealing
(b) to upgrade the language
(c) to fit the growth of evolutionary theory
(d) to give it more importance

Short Answer Questions

1. What concept does Spencer share with Schopenhauer?

2. What defines Spencer as a man who considers philosophy a generalization of all science?

3. What are the two contrary valuations of human behavior, according to Nietzsche?

4. How does Kant classify an action done in accord with one's inner sense of duty?

5. What contemporary philosophers does Durant discuss in this chapter?

(see the answer keys)

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