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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what work does Voltaire discuss the morals and spirit of the nations from Charlemagne to Louis XIII?

2. How does Voltaire think what is wrong with most recorded history could be corrected?

3. What does Aristotle define as the entire vital principle of any being?

4. What philosopher and statesman does Francis Bacon aspire to be like?

5. Who suggests that men are at fault because they chose to live in houses in cities?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Spinoza's identification of three ethical systems.

2. How can Voltaire's life be compared to that of socrates?

3. Describe the origins of stoicism and Epicureanism in Greek philosophy.

4. What is a common criticism of Voltaire?

5. What happens because of Spinoza's questions about Judeo-Christian beliefs?

6. Describe Spinoza's synonymous dichotomies.

7. Who are the students of Socrates?

8. How does Voltaire research his writing?

9. What is Voltaire's reaction to Voltaire's desire to be a professional writer?

10. what methodology marks a difference in the thought processes of Plato and Aristotle?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Write an essay on Schopenhauer's contention that character lies in the will and not the intellect. Explain what he means and give your opinion of his conclusion.

Essay Topic 2

Write an essay on Spencer's idea that a militant society exalts certain virtues and condones what other people might call crimes. Use the modern debate over the use of torture in wartime investigations as an example.

Essay Topic 3

Write an essay on philosophy and women's rights. In your essay include Aristotle, Nietzsche, and other philosophers and their position on women. Include how the women's rights issue has changed in modern times and what changes still need to be made.

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This section contains 656 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) View a FREE sample