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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What biological notion does Aristotle reject?

2. In what work does Voltaire discuss the morals and spirit of the nations from Charlemagne to Louis XIII?

3. Where does Voltaire write The Romances?

4. How is Plato's early life best described?

5. What does Voltaire include in his histories?

Short Essay Questions

1. What happens because of Spinoza's questions about Judeo-Christian beliefs?

2. Describe the origins of stoicism and Epicureanism in Greek philosophy.

3. Describe the idols Bacon identifies and wants to eliminate.

4. Who are the students of Socrates?

5. what methodology marks a difference in the thought processes of Plato and Aristotle?

6. Describe Spinoza's synonymous dichotomies.

7. How can Voltaire's life be compared to that of socrates?

8. Explain Aristotle's definition of God.

9. Explain why Spinoza gives up everything for philosophy.

10. Describe Aristotle's idea of what a man's goal in life should be.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Write an essay on truth. In your essay comment on the difficulty of determining what truth is. Give your opinion on approaching the study of truth as a search for its origins or as a practical application for the future.

Essay Topic 2

Write an essay expressing your opinion on a mathematical formula for explaining life and evolution. Include examples of philosophers dedicated to the mathematical model and those who opposed it.

Essay Topic 3

Write an essay on religious faith, agnosticism, and atheism. In your essay define each and give examples of philosophers who fit each category. Express your opinion about where you stand on the issue.

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