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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Spinoza suggest the aim of Biblical language is meant to do?
(a) to compete with Greek mythology
(b) to conceal great mysteries
(c) to attract intellectuals
(d) to attract the imagination of popular minds

2. Why does Spinoza say an allegorical interpretation of the Bible allows it to be?
(a) not contrary to reason
(b) not a book of rules and regulations
(c) not a great mystery
(d) not difficult to understand

3. What does Aristotle establish in Athens?
(a) a scientific museum
(b) a system of exchange
(c) a school of oratory
(d) a political party

4. What philosophy does Bacon accept in his Essays?
(a) a Platonic ideal
(b) an Epicurean ethic
(c) a Stoic position
(d) a tendency toward Romanticism

5. What are the only three things worthwhile in Plato's ethical solution?
(a) philosophy, music, poetry
(b) beauty, athleticism, education
(c) travel, study, rhetoric
(d) justice, truth, beauty

6. Who in Voltaire's life is the young wife of a French Marquis who is away with his regiment?
(a) his mistress
(b) his secretary
(c) his muse
(d) his neice

7. How does every society and government ruins itself?
(a) by letting down their guard
(b) by being too constrictive
(c) by growing tired
(d) by enabling excess in principle

8. What circumstance does Spinoza say keeps the racial existence of the Jews?
(a) Jewish schools of higher education
(b) persecution by Christians
(c) 3,500 years of Jewish tradition
(d) having no land to call their own

9. What does Aristotle teach at the Lyceum?
(a) athletics and mathematics
(b) the socratic Method
(c) physical and mental training
(d) biology and natural sciences

10. What is the foundation of Plato's Republic?
(a) putting the state in a subservient position
(b) destroying individuality for an idealized state
(c) allowing individuality to flourish
(d) creating contributing classes of people

11. What happened after Spinoza dispensed with faith?
(a) the faithful were devastated
(b) the faithful dispensed with him
(c) religion died
(d) new religions sprang up

12. What, according to Spinoza, is scripture intended to promote?
(a) literature rather than science
(b) devotion rather than to reason
(c) reason over superstition
(d) clarity rather than confusion

13. What natural calamity do European religious leaders label as the punishment of God?
(a) a flood in Germany
(b) an earthquake in Lisbon
(c) a volcano in Italy
(d) a fire in Rome

14. At his birth in 384 B.C., into what kind of family is Aristotle born?
(a) a medical family
(b) a military family
(c) a family of travelers
(d) a family of philosophers

15. What does Aristotle devise to integrate the particular with the universal?
(a) the Aristotlean Method
(b) metaphysical examination
(c) the syllogism
(d) sophistry

Short Answer Questions

1. What is a special element of soul in the human being according to Aristotle?

2. Where does Voltaire write The Romances?

3. What is one result of Aristotle's prolific output of writing?

4. Who suggests that men are at fault because they chose to live in houses in cities?

5. What does Aristotle define as the entire vital principle of any being?

(see the answer keys)

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