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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Spinoza's Ethic do with Buddhism and Christianity, the philosophy of Machiavelli and Nietzsche, and the democracy of the Greeks?
(a) keeps them separate for different ethnic groups
(b) throws them out in favor of his own ideas
(c) integrates and reconciles all three ethical systems
(d) takes only bits and pieces from each

2. Where do metaphysics and the nature of God fit into Aristotle's curriculum?
(a) his mathematics
(b) his biology
(c) his theology
(d) his rhetoric

3. Where is a meeting held to discuss the Republic?
(a) at the Acropolis
(b) at the Lyceum
(c) at the house of a wealthy aristocrat, Cephalus
(d) in the Parthenon

4. What is the first of four books written by Spinoza?
(a) The History of War
(b) The Fall of the Roman Empire
(c) The Treatise on Religion and the State
(d) The Philosophy of the Ages

5. What does Bacon suggest should be observed similar to Machiavellian philosophy?
(a) what men do rather than what they should do
(b) how to discipline the masses
(c) who has the most power
(d) the futility of the aristocratic form of government

6. What happened after Spinoza dispensed with faith?
(a) the faithful were devastated
(b) the faithful dispensed with him
(c) new religions sprang up
(d) religion died

7. Like Aristotle, what does Bacon see needs to be removed to avoid revolution?
(a) the right to bear arms
(b) the ownership of private property
(c) issues that cause poverty and discontent
(d) the right to vote

8. How does every society and government ruins itself?
(a) by letting down their guard
(b) by growing tired
(c) by being too constrictive
(d) by enabling excess in principle

9. What does Spinoza say a literal interpretation of the Bible does?
(a) gives it broader meaning
(b) opens the Bible to errors
(c) makes it easy to understand
(d) gives no scientific evidence

10. What does Socrates ask Cephalus to define?
(a) the blessing he receives from education
(b) the best form of government
(c) the greatest blessing he receives from wealth
(d) the meaning of the word moral

11. Although science and philosophy exists in Greece before their times, who were the teachers who greatly advanced the fields?
(a) Socrates and Plato
(b) Aristotle and Socrates
(c) Playto and Prothagorus
(d) Aristotle and Onassis

12. How far is Alexander able to spread Greek culture?
(a) into Asia Minor
(b) into Persia
(c) all over the world
(d) into Egypt

13. Why does Spinoza say an allegorical interpretation of the Bible allows it to be?
(a) not difficult to understand
(b) not contrary to reason
(c) not a great mystery
(d) not a book of rules and regulations

14. What is something Voltaire is noted for with his critics?
(a) ignoring his enemies
(b) destroying enemies with a pen
(c) suing his enemies in court
(d) challenging his enemies to duels

15. To what does Spinoza change his Jewish given name?
(a) the Russian name, Igor
(b) the gentile name, Benedict
(c) the English name, John
(d) the German name, Hans

Short Answer Questions

1. What does not affect France like it does Germany and England?

2. What does Spinoza say the language of the Bible is?

3. What student of Aristotle becomes a major historical figure?

4. What method do all the fields of study--science, discipline, art and music--use in common?

5. In what work does Voltaire discuss the morals and spirit of the nations from Charlemagne to Louis XIII?

(see the answer keys)

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