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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Where do metaphysics and the nature of God fit into Aristotle's curriculum?
(a) his biology
(b) his mathematics
(c) his theology
(d) his rhetoric

2. What does Bacon suggest should be observed similar to Machiavellian philosophy?
(a) how to discipline the masses
(b) the futility of the aristocratic form of government
(c) what men do rather than what they should do
(d) who has the most power

3. What is Voltaire's literary output?
(a) fifty-four volumes of work
(b) ninety-nine volumes
(c) three plays, four novels, and 100 essays
(d) hundreds of manuscripts

4. What drives the Jews out of their natural home?
(a) the slave rebellion in Rome
(b) Roman capture of Jerusalem in 70 A.D
(c) the Holacaust
(d) the conquest of the Crusaders

5. What circumstance does Spinoza say keeps the racial existence of the Jews?
(a) 3,500 years of Jewish tradition
(b) having no land to call their own
(c) persecution by Christians
(d) Jewish schools of higher education

6. What does Aristotle establish in Athens?
(a) a scientific museum
(b) a political party
(c) a school of oratory
(d) a system of exchange

7. Who eventually dominates Greek philosophy and government?
(a) the fierce Spartans
(b) the Macedonians Aristotle and Alexander
(c) the invading Persians
(d) the libertarians

8. What does the Roman empire eventually become?
(a) the Roman Papacy
(b) the world's trade union
(c) the Roman Federation
(d) the European Union

9. What does Democritus claim that Aristotle disagrees with?
(a) the soul is temporary
(b) there is no such thing as soul
(c) the soul is material
(d) the soul is imaginary

10. What is one result of Aristotle's prolific output of writing?
(a) an error free reference library
(b) a need to build larger libraries
(c) a definitive answer to all philosophical questions
(d) a large amount of errors

11. What are the only three things worthwhile in Plato's ethical solution?
(a) travel, study, rhetoric
(b) justice, truth, beauty
(c) philosophy, music, poetry
(d) beauty, athleticism, education

12. To answer Rousseau, what satirical story does Voltaire write about the best of all possible worlds?
(a) Atlantis
(b) Utopia
(c) Candide
(d) The Misanthrope

13. What is the first of four books written by Spinoza?
(a) The Fall of the Roman Empire
(b) The Philosophy of the Ages
(c) The Treatise on Religion and the State
(d) The History of War

14. By the thirteenth century A. D., how does the Church unite the European continent?
(a) by common faith and supernatural sanctions
(b) by common language and desires
(c) by persecution of heresy
(d) by millitancy and fear

15. How old is Francis Bacon when he resolves to turn philosophy from scholastic arguments to illumination and increase of human good?
(a) age thirty
(b) age twenty-four
(c) age fifty
(d) age sixteen

Short Answer Questions

1. In what work does Voltaire discuss the morals and spirit of the nations from Charlemagne to Louis XIII?

2. What does Voltaire include in his histories?

3. What question does Plato raise to lead into a discussion of Utopia?

4. What method do all the fields of study--science, discipline, art and music--use in common?

5. What does Spinoza's Ethic do with Buddhism and Christianity, the philosophy of Machiavelli and Nietzsche, and the democracy of the Greeks?

(see the answer keys)

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