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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Reducing everything through the Socratic Method, what do Socrates and Cephalus agree to discuss?
(a) the meaning of philosophy
(b) the meaning of justice
(c) the meaning of happiness
(d) the meaning of war

2. What does Spinoza call the highest knowledge of universal unity?
(a) the lessons from philosophers of the past
(b) the intellectual equivalent of the love of God
(c) the educated answers to philosophical questions
(d) understanding the influence of the stars

3. What does Aristotle devise to integrate the particular with the universal?
(a) the Aristotlean Method
(b) metaphysical examination
(c) sophistry
(d) the syllogism

4. How does Voltaire think what is wrong with most recorded history could be corrected?
(a) history should only be written by scientists
(b) only scholars should write history
(c) only philosophers should write history
(d) history should be forgotten

5. What does the Roman empire eventually become?
(a) the world's trade union
(b) the Roman Federation
(c) the European Union
(d) the Roman Papacy

6. What does Spinoza say a literal interpretation of the Bible does?
(a) opens the Bible to errors
(b) makes it easy to understand
(c) gives it broader meaning
(d) gives no scientific evidence

7. Who in Voltaire's life is the young wife of a French Marquis who is away with his regiment?
(a) his mistress
(b) his secretary
(c) his muse
(d) his neice

8. Where does the Jewish migration along the Danube and Rhine rivers take the Jews?
(a) Macedonia and Austria
(b) Poland and Russia
(c) Spain and Portugal
(d) Italy and Armenia

9. What is the foundation of Plato's Republic?
(a) allowing individuality to flourish
(b) putting the state in a subservient position
(c) creating contributing classes of people
(d) destroying individuality for an idealized state

10. At his birth in 384 B.C., into what kind of family is Aristotle born?
(a) a family of travelers
(b) a military family
(c) a medical family
(d) a family of philosophers

11. What drives the Jews out of their natural home?
(a) the conquest of the Crusaders
(b) the slave rebellion in Rome
(c) the Holacaust
(d) Roman capture of Jerusalem in 70 A.D

12. What does Aristotle establish in Athens?
(a) a scientific museum
(b) a school of oratory
(c) a system of exchange
(d) a political party

13. What do the concepts of praise or blame indicate according to Aristotle?
(a) a way of avoiding responsibility
(b) disagreements in society
(c) the need for athletic contests
(d) moral responsibility and free will

14. What does Bacon call for elimination in his philosophy?
(a) several errors he calls idols
(b) a private banking system
(c) the model of the philosopher king
(d) public education

15. Where is Francois Arouet when he starts using the pen name, Voltaire?
(a) studying at Oxford
(b) recuperatiing from cholera
(c) sailing to the Americas
(d) imprisoned in the Bastille

Short Answer Questions

1. How far is Alexander able to spread Greek culture?

2. When does Plato return to Athens and begin to write?

3. What does the King of Syracuse learn that causes him to cancel his invitation to Plato to organize Utopia?

4. Who eventually dominates Greek philosophy and government?

5. What does Aristotle define as the entire vital principle of any being?

(see the answer keys)

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