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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why does Russell visit Russia?
(a) for a first-hand view of a socialist society
(b) to discuss politics
(c) to talk with the common people
(d) for his health

2. What does Bertram Russell's Mysticism and Logic refute?
(a) the illogical nature of mysticism
(b) mathematics for its rigid impersonality and objectivity
(c) epistemology
(d) socialism as a cause of disease

3. What contemporary philosophers does Durant discuss in this chapter?
(a) Bergson, Croce and Bertrand Russell
(b) Edgar Cayce and Roger Miller
(c) Descarte and Molier
(d) Churchill and Washington Irving

4. What bold denial of Kant's is based on reduction of religion to moral faith and hope?
(a) the denial of inspired theology
(b) the denial of pantheology
(c) the denial of rational theology
(d) the denial of logical theology

5. To what does Schopenhauer agree a priori?
(a) the individual believes his will is free
(b) the will is easily controlled
(c) the will is developed through experience
(d) the individual believes he is controlled

Short Answer Questions

1. What has a materialistic bias from mathematics and mechanics through the developing sciences?

2. What is Schopenhauer's masterpiece?

3. What does Kant say divides man into sects that does not join them together?

4. What causes Bergson to become a famous popular philosopher?

5. Where does Schopenhauer go to write a doctoral dissertation in philosophy?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Schopenhauer's views of youth and old age.

2. How does Nietzsche see Christian theology in his day?

3. What select group is Schopenhauer included in during the first half of the 19th century?

4. Describe Herbert Spencer as a man.

5. Analyzing religious ideas in First Principles, what does Spencer conclude?

6. What is the value Kant sees of the Bible and the churches?

7. What is Nietzsche's thought on democracy and Christianity?

8. Describe briefly Spencer's definition of life.

9. How does Schopenhauer's philosophy sound like modern merchandising?

10. How is Immanuel Kant's work burst on the European consciousness?

(see the answer keys)

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