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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does the publisher of Schopenhauer's book eventually tell him?
(a) the book is too dry to sell
(b) the law refused the distribution of the book
(c) they printed only the few copies they gave him
(d) most of the edition is sold as waste paper

2. Who suggests that whenever philosophy grows in a country its moral health decays?
(a) Kant
(b) Berkeley
(c) Rousseau
(d) Voltaire

3. What does Nietzsche claim causes fulfillment of woman and narrowing of man?
(a) charitable deeds
(b) marriage
(c) children
(d) education

4. To what does Schopenhauer agree a priori?
(a) the will is developed through experience
(b) the individual believes he is controlled
(c) the individual believes his will is free
(d) the will is easily controlled

5. What becomes the Gospel on which Nietzsche's other works comment?
(a) Wagner
(b) himself
(c) Schopenhauer
(d) Zarathustra

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Kant set out to prove is innate and does not come from experience?

2. By Spencer's time, what is the third stage of philosophical thought?

3. What does Kant say divides man into sects that does not join them together?

4. Who is the author of Time and Free-will?

5. How is Nietzsche found after he suffers a fit of apoplexy?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Schopenhauer's views of youth and old age.

2. Describe Herbert Spencer as a man.

3. Describe briefly Spencer's definition of life.

4. Analyzing religious ideas in First Principles, what does Spencer conclude?

5. Describe Kant's sequential order of knowledge leading up to an organized life.

6. Define the contrast between Bergson and Croce.

7. How does Kant respond after reading Berkeley, Hume, and Rousseau?

8. How is Immanuel Kant's work burst on the European consciousness?

9. Define the difference between the study of science and the study of social studies and political affairs.

10. How does Kant's work ironically work against his stated aim?

(see the answer keys)

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