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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Spencer define as the subjective accompaniment of mechanically evolved nerve processes?
(a) education
(b) heart
(c) biology
(d) mind

2. Without what does Kant say sensations cannot become perceptions?
(a) space and time
(b) action and reaction
(c) hot and cold
(d) time and energy

3. Who suggests that whenever philosophy grows in a country its moral health decays?
(a) Voltaire
(b) Kant
(c) Berkeley
(d) Rousseau

4. What does Kant classify as a result of an oligarchic constitution wherein the spoils of war go to a greedy few?
(a) the European revolts again divinely appointed kings
(b) the constant religious wars that go on in the world
(c) the expansion and conquests of the Prussian regime
(d) the militarism of Europe's expansion into America, Africa and Asia

5. What does Schopenhauer see as the cause of strife and misery?
(a) ideas
(b) wars
(c) religion
(d) the will

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Kant set out to prove is innate and does not come from experience?

2. What concept does Spencer share with Schopenhauer?

3. Who leads the popular philosophic community of the early 19th century?

4. How does Kant classify an action done in accord with one's inner sense of duty?

5. What is the result of Spencer's considering philosophy a generalization of all science?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is Nietzsche's thought on democracy and Christianity?

2. Briefly discuss Bergson's idea of creative evolution.

3. Analyzing religious ideas in First Principles, what does Spencer conclude?

4. What select group is Schopenhauer included in during the first half of the 19th century?

5. How does Spencer see his fame?

6. Describe Schopenhauer's views of youth and old age.

7. How is Immanuel Kant's work burst on the European consciousness?

8. Describe briefly Spencer's definition of life.

9. How does Nietzsche show his attitude toward religion?

10. Describe Herbert Spencer as a man.

(see the answer keys)

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