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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In what way is Bacon's reconstruction thought superior to that of Aristotle?
(a) less idealistic and more severe
(b) more flexible for the people
(c) more practical than theoretical
(d) less detailed, evolving slowly

2. At his birth in 384 B.C., into what kind of family is Aristotle born?
(a) a medical family
(b) a military family
(c) a family of philosophers
(d) a family of travelers

3. Where does Voltaire write The Romances?
(a) in Frankfurt, Germany
(b) in Cirey, France
(c) in London, England
(d) in Bonn, Germany

4. How old is Francis Bacon when he resolves to turn philosophy from scholastic arguments to illumination and increase of human good?
(a) age sixteen
(b) age fifty
(c) age twenty-four
(d) age thirty

5. What does Spinoza say the language of the Bible is?
(a) magnatudinal
(b) mystical
(c) metaphorical
(d) metaphysical

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Bacon call for elimination in his philosophy?

2. What are the only three things worthwhile in Plato's ethical solution?

3. How does Voltaire think what is wrong with most recorded history could be corrected?

4. What is something Voltaire is noted for with his critics?

5. What philosophy does Bacon accept in his Essays?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the mathematical form of Spinoza's approach to his philosophy.

2. How does Plato state the cause of political problems in the world?

3. Describe Spinoza's synonymous dichotomies.

4. How does the scope of Bacon's philosophy miss his goal?

5. Describe Spinoza's identification of three ethical systems.

6. How can Voltaire's life be compared to that of socrates?

7. How does Spinoza's education come from questions he wants answers to?

8. Who are the students of Socrates?

9. Describe the origins of stoicism and Epicureanism in Greek philosophy.

10. Why is Aristotle's philosophy often criticized as dry and uninteresting?

(see the answer keys)

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