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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the foundation of Plato's Republic?
(a) creating contributing classes of people
(b) destroying individuality for an idealized state
(c) putting the state in a subservient position
(d) allowing individuality to flourish

2. How does every society and government ruins itself?
(a) by being too constrictive
(b) by letting down their guard
(c) by enabling excess in principle
(d) by growing tired

3. Where is Francois Arouet when he starts using the pen name, Voltaire?
(a) sailing to the Americas
(b) studying at Oxford
(c) imprisoned in the Bastille
(d) recuperatiing from cholera

4. What does Plato say is a science and art one must live and prepare for?
(a) military leadership
(b) statesmanship
(c) teaching the young
(d) oratory

5. What does Spinoza do to support himself?
(a) gives violin lessons
(b) writes for a newspaper
(c) grinds optical lenses
(d) tutors students

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Bacon call for elimination in his philosophy?

2. To what does Spinoza change his Jewish given name?

3. What is lacking in Aristotle's philosophy that is so evident in Plato's?

4. What does Voltaire do when he is sentenced to the Bastille a second time?

5. How does Spinoza explain references to God's halting the natural function of nature on several occasions in the Bible?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the philosophers before Socrates, Plato, and aristotle.

2. How is Bacon's philosophy comparable to Plato's?

3. What happens because of Spinoza's questions about Judeo-Christian beliefs?

4. Describe Aristotle's idea of what a man's goal in life should be.

5. what methodology marks a difference in the thought processes of Plato and Aristotle?

6. What is a common criticism of Voltaire?

7. How does Spinoza's education come from questions he wants answers to?

8. What is Voltaire's reaction to Rousseau's suggestion that men were responsible for the deaths in the Lisbon earthquake?

9. Contrast Aristotle's Lyceum with Plato's Academy.

10. How does Bacon's reconstruction exceed the work of Aristotle?

(see the answer keys)

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