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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. To what end does Socrates develop his Socratic Method?
(a) to open a private university
(b) to impress the multitudes
(c) to perfom biological experiments
(d) to test the assumptions of his pupils

2. How is Plato's early life best described?
(a) an idle life and a failure as a soldier
(b) a life of poverty and destitution
(c) a playboy and a religious fanatic
(d) a comfortable athletic youth and a successful soldier

3. How does Spinoza explain references to God's halting the natural function of nature on several occasions in the Bible?
(a) the meaning is not clear in the scripture
(b) God and the processes of nature are one
(c) things like that spring from traditions
(d) those are allegories of God's power

4. What motivates Voltaire to accept Prince Frederick's invitation and travel expenses to join him in his court in Potsdam?
(a) his sorrow after the death of his mistress
(b) a warrant for his arrest in Paris
(c) his curiosity about German philosophy
(d) an opportunity to learn German

5. What philosophy does Bacon accept in his Essays?
(a) a tendency toward Romanticism
(b) a Stoic position
(c) a Platonic ideal
(d) an Epicurean ethic

Short Answer Questions

1. What is Voltaire's literary output?

2. To answer Rousseau, what satirical story does Voltaire write about the best of all possible worlds?

3. How does Spinoza find himself after asking questions about Jewish and Christian beliefs?

4. What does Aristotle teach at the Lyceum?

5. What is one result of Aristotle's prolific output of writing?

Short Essay Questions

1. What happens because of Spinoza's questions about Judeo-Christian beliefs?

2. How does Bacon's reconstruction exceed the work of Aristotle?

3. What is a common criticism of Voltaire?

4. what methodology marks a difference in the thought processes of Plato and Aristotle?

5. Describe the philosophers before Socrates, Plato, and aristotle.

6. Who are the students of Socrates?

7. What is Voltaire's reaction to Voltaire's desire to be a professional writer?

8. What is Voltaire's reaction to Rousseau's suggestion that men were responsible for the deaths in the Lisbon earthquake?

9. How can Voltaire's life be compared to that of socrates?

10. How does the scope of Bacon's philosophy miss his goal?

(see the answer keys)

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