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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Bacon suggest should be observed similar to Machiavellian philosophy?
(a) the futility of the aristocratic form of government
(b) what men do rather than what they should do
(c) who has the most power
(d) how to discipline the masses

2. Who eventually dominates Greek philosophy and government?
(a) the libertarians
(b) the Macedonians Aristotle and Alexander
(c) the invading Persians
(d) the fierce Spartans

3. What method do all the fields of study--science, discipline, art and music--use in common?
(a) questions and answers
(b) repetition of basics
(c) the art of logic
(d) rote memorization

4. What is the first of four books written by Spinoza?
(a) The Treatise on Religion and the State
(b) The Philosophy of the Ages
(c) The History of War
(d) The Fall of the Roman Empire

5. Like Aristotle, what does Bacon see needs to be removed to avoid revolution?
(a) the right to vote
(b) the ownership of private property
(c) issues that cause poverty and discontent
(d) the right to bear arms

Short Answer Questions

1. What question does Plato raise to lead into a discussion of Utopia?

2. At first, what medium does Voltaire use to give humorous expression to his ideas?

3. What does Voltaire include in his histories?

4. Reducing everything through the Socratic Method, what do Socrates and Cephalus agree to discuss?

5. What is lacking in Aristotle's philosophy that is so evident in Plato's?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the mathematical form of Spinoza's approach to his philosophy.

2. Who are the students of Socrates?

3. How does Plato differentiate between emotion and knowledge?

4. What is Voltaire's reaction to Rousseau's suggestion that men were responsible for the deaths in the Lisbon earthquake?

5. Describe Spinoza's identification of three ethical systems.

6. Describe the origins of stoicism and Epicureanism in Greek philosophy.

7. How does Voltaire research his writing?

8. How can Voltaire's life be compared to that of socrates?

9. How does the scope of Bacon's philosophy miss his goal?

10. Why is Aristotle's philosophy often criticized as dry and uninteresting?

(see the answer keys)

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