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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What event makes the rival schools of Stoicism and Epicureanism split philosophically?
(a) the Romans' arrival in 46 B.C.
(b) the arrival of missionaries from the East
(c) the disintegration of public infrastructures
(d) the resurgance of Judaism

2. At first, what medium does Voltaire use to give humorous expression to his ideas?
(a) short novels
(b) short plays
(c) essays
(d) anonymous letters

3. What is Voltaire's literary output?
(a) hundreds of manuscripts
(b) fifty-four volumes of work
(c) ninety-nine volumes
(d) three plays, four novels, and 100 essays

4. What philosophy does Bacon accept in his Essays?
(a) a Stoic position
(b) an Epicurean ethic
(c) a tendency toward Romanticism
(d) a Platonic ideal

5. Why does Spinoza say an allegorical interpretation of the Bible allows it to be?
(a) not difficult to understand
(b) not a great mystery
(c) not contrary to reason
(d) not a book of rules and regulations

Short Answer Questions

1. What is one result of Aristotle's prolific output of writing?

2. What student of Aristotle becomes a major historical figure?

3. What philosopher and statesman does Francis Bacon aspire to be like?

4. What does Spinoza say a literal interpretation of the Bible does?

5. What does Plato say early education should do?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who are the students of Socrates?

2. Describe the origins of stoicism and Epicureanism in Greek philosophy.

3. How can Voltaire's life be compared to that of socrates?

4. Contrast Aristotle's Lyceum with Plato's Academy.

5. Describe the idols Bacon identifies and wants to eliminate.

6. Explain the reasons for a break between Plato and Aristotle.

7. Why is Aristotle's philosophy often criticized as dry and uninteresting?

8. What is Voltaire's reaction to Rousseau's suggestion that men were responsible for the deaths in the Lisbon earthquake?

9. How does Spinoza's education come from questions he wants answers to?

10. How does the scope of Bacon's philosophy miss his goal?

(see the answer keys)

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