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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why is Bacon often accused of being atheistic?
(a) because he seldom attends church
(b) because he denies the authority of the Church
(c) because his philosophy is secular and rationalistic
(d) because he talks about natrue rather than God

2. Who suggests that men are at fault because they chose to live in houses in cities?
(a) Rousseau
(b) Voltaire
(c) Frederick
(d) Bacon

3. What is a special element of soul in the human being according to Aristotle?
(a) a power to dream
(b) a power to dominate
(c) a power of understanding metaphysics
(d) a power of reason and thought

4. By the thirteenth century A. D., how does the Church unite the European continent?
(a) by persecution of heresy
(b) by millitancy and fear
(c) by common language and desires
(d) by common faith and supernatural sanctions

5. To answer Rousseau, what satirical story does Voltaire write about the best of all possible worlds?
(a) The Misanthrope
(b) Utopia
(c) Atlantis
(d) Candide

Short Answer Questions

1. At first, what medium does Voltaire use to give humorous expression to his ideas?

2. What philosopher and statesman does Francis Bacon aspire to be like?

3. What new philosophy uses faith and reason to force acceptance of untried assumptions and conclusions?

4. What is something Voltaire is noted for with his critics?

5. What does the Roman empire eventually become?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is a common criticism of Voltaire?

2. Who are the students of Socrates?

3. Explain Aristotle's definition of God.

4. Explain the reasons for a break between Plato and Aristotle.

5. Contrast Aristotle's Lyceum with Plato's Academy.

6. How does Plato state the cause of political problems in the world?

7. How can Voltaire's life be compared to that of socrates?

8. Describe the mathematical form of Spinoza's approach to his philosophy.

9. How does Bacon's reconstruction exceed the work of Aristotle?

10. How does Spinoza's education come from questions he wants answers to?

(see the answer keys)

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