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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What law suffers from the metaphysics of induction?
(a) The law of gravity.
(b) The law of causality.
(c) The law of science.
(d) The law of nature.

2. How does Popper explain the differences in his selection process?
(a) Using rational numbers.
(b) Using ordinal numbers.
(c) Using letters.
(d) Using discrete categories.

3. Why does Popper find Heisenberg's lack of logic and statistical testing disturbing?
(a) The theory is metaphysical without these factors.
(b) It lacks original thought.
(c) The theory is not logical without these factors.
(d) It lacks scientific validity.

4. What are hypothetical estimates of frequency?
(a) Infinite sequences.
(b) Random sequences.
(c) Alternative sequences.
(d) Finite sequences.

5. What is the most significant factor when selecting a theory?
(a) Previous research.
(b) Its universality.
(c) The degree of testability.
(d) The understandability.

6. What should researchers abstain from doing with regard to the probabilities of their research?
(a) Basing research on assumptions.
(b) Using determinants.
(c) Issuing prohibitions.
(d) Referring to logic.

7. What theory does Heisenberg begin this investigation with?
(a) Wave theory.
(b) Sound theory.
(c) Light theory.
(d) Particle theory.

8. Who does Popper suggest works in probabilistic logic to determine the probability of a hypothesis?
(a) Conventionalists.
(b) Inductivists.
(c) Positivist.
(d) Metaphysicists.

9. What does Popper state cannot be applied to a sequence of events?
(a) Mathematical rules.
(b) Objective methods.
(c) Scientific rules.
(d) Theory.

10. What is complimentary to the degree of falsifiability?
(a) Probability.
(b) Logic.
(c) Empty classes.
(d) Justifications.

11. What does Popper say degrees of simplicity can be identified with in the 1972 addendum in Chapter 7?
(a) None of these is correct..
(b) Degrees of falsifiability.
(c) Degrees of testability.
(d) Degrees of logic.

12. What does Popper eliminate from the common frequency theory by using mathematical and narrative approaches?
(a) Chance.
(b) Doubt.
(c) Axioms of convergence.
(d) Subjectivity.

13. What does Popper suggest uncertainty statements are derived from?
(a) Universal statements.
(b) Singular statements.
(c) Unknowns.
(d) Logical statement.

14. What does Popper note about conventionalists appeal to simplicity?
(a) It was too fundamental.
(b) It cannot be practical.
(c) There was no logic in it.
(d) It could not save them from arbitrariness.

15. If a system is protected what will its degree of falsifiability be equal to?
(a) 0.
(b) 1.
(c) -1.
(d) 2.

Short Answer Questions

1. What type of numerical interpretation requires that probabilities be only expressed as frequencies?

2. What view of probability depends on inductive logic?

3. What relationships does Popper explore in chapter 8?

4. What does Popper consider dangerous for scientific research?

5. What does Popper refer to as complex in the highest degree?

(see the answer keys)

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