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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to conventionalism, what is required to make determinations of the natural world?
(a) Proofs.
(b) Theories.
(c) Laws.
(d) Inferences.

2. What comprises empirical science?
(a) Systems of theories.
(b) Guides to explanations.
(c) Natural laws.
(d) Universal assumptions.

3. What does Popper give credit to conventionalism for doing?
(a) Linking theory to experiment.
(b) Blind acceptance of logic.
(c) Adapting to varying conditions.
(d) Offering differing opinions.

4. What does Popper say about positivism?
(a) It is too narrow, limited, and misguided.
(b) It is based on invalid assumptions.
(c) It is based on scientific data.
(d) It is a clear way of thinking.

5. What is one approach to knowledge considered by Popper?
(a) Purposive.
(b) Accidental.
(c) Common sense.
(d) Inductive.

6. What is one characteristic of the relationship between theory and classes of statements that must be present?
(a) Auxiliary.
(b) Tautological,
(c) Abstract.
(d) Consistent.

7. What allows for considerations of whether a theory is falsifiable?
(a) Universal statements.
(b) Potential falsifiers.
(c) Basic statements.
(d) Theories.

8. With what does psychologism concern itself?
(a) Concept of demarcation.
(b) Questions of justification.
(c) Questions of fact.
(d) Logical analysis.

9. What types of statements are scientific theories?
(a) Logical.
(b) Universal.
(c) Singular.
(d) Proven.

10. According to Popper, what can't universals be reduced to?
(a) Dogmatism.
(b) A class of experiences.
(c) Infinite regress.
(d) Psychologism.

11. The success of a theory is base on what comparison?
(a) To the experimental justification.
(b) To the singular statements.
(c) To other theories.
(d) To the scientist's point of view.

12. How does Popper investigate the chain of logical reasoning?
(a) Breaking it into steps.
(b) Relying of previous research.
(c) Understanding metaphysics.
(d) Identifying trends.

13. What challenges Poppers use of falsification as criteria in deciding is a theoretical system is empirical?
(a) Competence.
(b) Theoretical experiments.
(c) Construction of Nature.
(d) Conventionalism.

14. What does Popper suggest is the result of using logic to justify a statement?
(a) A solution.
(b) Theories.
(c) More problems.
(d) A loop that logic cannot escape.

15. In order to be true statements of science, what characteristic must these statements have?
(a) They are logical.
(b) They have been tested.
(c) They are objectively testable.
(d) They are proven.

Short Answer Questions

1. What do the constructions of the laws of nature determine?

2. What is a precondition for rational consideration?

3. For a theory to be falsifiable, what must it prohibit?

4. Natural laws are in a form to negate what type of statements?

5. From what does a theoretical system arise?

(see the answer keys)

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