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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What type of approach do positivists use to investigate scientific statements?
(a) Deductive approach.
(b) Logical approach.
(c) Inductive approach.
(d) Theoretical approach.

2. What does Popper do if proof for a statement can not be found?
(a) Makes assumptions to better prove the statement.
(b) Retests.
(c) Denies the statement.
(d) Suspends judgment.

3. What is not to be expected of methodology?
(a) Proven theories.
(b) False data.
(c) Logical constructs.
(d) Profound truths.

4. For a theory to be falsifiable, what must it prohibit?
(a) Logic.
(b) Previous theories.
(c) At least one occurrence.
(d) Conventionalism.

5. What must be maintained in at each level of the experimental process?
(a) Systems of theories.
(b) Integrity of testability.
(c) Auxiliary hypotheses.
(d) Methods.

6. What does Popper admit is a problem with scientific investigations?
(a) Logical decisions.
(b) Objectivity.
(c) Subjectivity.
(d) Abstract nature of philosophy.

7. According to conventionalists, what will yields more complete results of science?
(a) Logical constructions of nature.
(b) Greater mastery.
(c) Experimentation.
(d) Inferences.

8. What types of statements have no logical justification in which to draw conclusions?
(a) Logical.
(b) Singular.
(c) Circular.
(d) Inferential.

9. With what does psychologism concern itself?
(a) Questions of justification.
(b) Questions of fact.
(c) Logical analysis.
(d) Concept of demarcation.

10. How does deductive reasoning begin?
(a) Premise of logic.
(b) Premise of falsifiability.
(c) Premise of testability.
(d) Premise of induction.

11. What types of statements are scientific theories?
(a) Singular.
(b) Logical.
(c) Proven.
(d) Universal.

12. What allows for considerations of whether a theory is falsifiable?
(a) Universal statements.
(b) Potential falsifiers.
(c) Basic statements.
(d) Theories.

13. What do the constructions of the laws of nature determine?
(a) The truth of a theory.
(b) The properties of the natural world.
(c) The falsifiability of a theory.
(d) The value of science.

14. What deductive tests determine if a theory is a scientific advance?
(a) Comparing theories.
(b) Investigations.
(c) Empirical applications.
(d) Internal consistency.

15. What is used to capture and explain the world?
(a) Theories.
(b) Scientific data.
(c) Logical statements.
(d) Laws of nature.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is important to Popper's argument for a logic of science?

2. What is one approach to knowledge considered by Popper?

3. What deductive tests compare conclusions?

4. Natural laws are in a form to negate what type of statements?

5. What does Menger say about definitions?

(see the answer keys)

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