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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Natural laws are in a form to negate what type of statements?
(a) Existential.
(b) Universal.
(c) Proven.
(d) Singular.

2. What confuses the distinction between universal and individual names?
(a) Theoretical statements.
(b) Negative statements.
(c) Symbolic logic.
(d) Existential statements.

3. What does Popper say about positivism?
(a) It is too narrow, limited, and misguided.
(b) It is based on scientific data.
(c) It is based on invalid assumptions.
(d) It is a clear way of thinking.

4. What type of approach do positivists use to investigate scientific statements?
(a) Theoretical approach.
(b) Inductive approach.
(c) Logical approach.
(d) Deductive approach.

5. What types of statements are scientific theories?
(a) Singular.
(b) Universal.
(c) Proven.
(d) Logical.

6. What can observation do for science?
(a) Assume falsification.
(b) Provide information on facts.
(c) Establish the truth of a statement.
(d) Justify statements.

7. What is used to capture and explain the world?
(a) Logical statements.
(b) Scientific data.
(c) Laws of nature.
(d) Theories.

8. What must be identical to basic statements?
(a) Theories.
(b) Potential falsifiers.
(c) Universal statements.
(d) Singular statements.

9. What type of hypotheses does Popper warn against?
(a) Auxiliary hypotheses.
(b) Initial hypotheses.
(c) Universal hypotheses.
(d) Proven hypotheses.

10. What refers to a term that does not need a definition but is learned through experience?
(a) Existential term.
(b) Primitive term.
(c) Epistemological term.
(d) Advanced term.

11. From what does a theoretical system arise?
(a) Universal statements.
(b) Conventions.
(c) Contradictions.
(d) Axioms.

12. How are theories used to explain the world?
(a) By questioning everything.
(b) As abstract thought.
(c) As concrete fact.
(d) As guides.

13. What types of statements have no logical justification in which to draw conclusions?
(a) Singular.
(b) Circular.
(c) Inferential.
(d) Logical.

14. What method does Popper say applies to science and is important to the theory of knowledge?
(a) Learning assumptions.
(b) Proving theories.
(c) Understanding statements.
(d) Resolving contradictions.

15. How does Popper investigate the chain of logical reasoning?
(a) Relying of previous research.
(b) Breaking it into steps.
(c) Identifying trends.
(d) Understanding metaphysics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does the principle of causality say about all events?

2. Demarcation is based on what definition of Popper's?

3. How many conditions must a statement satisfy in order to be falsifiable?

4. What does Popper feel is the result of adopting conditions to a hypothesis?

5. What type of statement is deduced from universal statements?

(see the answer keys)

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