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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Popper use to check his investigations?
(a) Universal statements.
(b) Assumptions.
(c) Testability.
(d) Mathematics.

2. What does Menger say about definitions?
(a) They are dogmas.
(b) They are fruitful.
(c) They are based on observations.
(d) They serve science well.

3. What do the constructions of the laws of nature determine?
(a) The value of science.
(b) The truth of a theory.
(c) The falsifiability of a theory.
(d) The properties of the natural world.

4. What is one approach to knowledge considered by Popper?
(a) Common sense.
(b) Purposive.
(c) Accidental.
(d) Inductive.

5. What depends on both universal and singular statements?
(a) Abstract thought.
(b) Correlations.
(c) Causality.
(d) Logical factors.

6. How many conditions must a statement satisfy in order to be falsifiable?
(a) 4.
(b) 3.
(c) 5.
(d) 2.

7. What happens when theories are refined?
(a) They become proven fact.
(b) They become better explanatory tools.
(c) Science prevails.
(d) They become obsolete.

8. What types of statements are scientific theories?
(a) Logical.
(b) Universal.
(c) Singular.
(d) Proven.

9. What must a philosopher do to accept Poppers proposed definition of science?
(a) Read his background theories.
(b) Accept the consequences.
(c) Understand empirical science.
(d) Agree with its constructs.

10. What type of reasoning does Popper believe inductive reasoning is?
(a) Philosophical.
(b) Rational.
(c) Metaphysical.
(d) Scientific.

11. What helps to realign or redefine accepted theory?
(a) Positive justification.
(b) Positive theory results.
(c) Deductive consequences.
(d) Falsification feedback.

12. What deductive tests compare conclusions?
(a) Internal consistency.
(b) Investigations.
(c) Comparing theories.
(d) Empirical applications.

13. What does Popper suggest is the result of using logic to justify a statement?
(a) A loop that logic cannot escape.
(b) More problems.
(c) Theories.
(d) A solution.

14. Popper feels the principle of causality is not falsifiable and therefore regards it as what?
(a) Physical.
(b) Empirical.
(c) Tautological.
(d) Metaphysical.

15. What must be maintained in at each level of the experimental process?
(a) Integrity of testability.
(b) Systems of theories.
(c) Auxiliary hypotheses.
(d) Methods.

Short Answer Questions

1. What method does Popper say applies to science and is important to the theory of knowledge?

2. What does Popper states the "game of science" is?

3. What is the reproducible effect which refutes a theory?

4. Natural laws are in a form to negate what type of statements?

5. According to Popper, what can't universals be reduced to?

(see the answer keys)

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