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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Plutarch, why was the issue still alive for Tiberius in spite of previous efforts to address the issue?

2. Who led a conspiracy to overthrow the Roman Government that Plutarch reports Cicero exposed in the Senate?

3. How did Plutarch characterize the differences in the changes in government "The Roman Brothers" and "The Spartans" sought to achieve?

4. What role did Antony eventually take in Rome, according to Plutarch, after Caesar's assassination?

5. Who did Demetrius kill to take the throne of Macedon, according to Plutarch?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Plutarch identify as the marks of Cicero's oratory style?

2. How did Plutarch show the differences in the motivations for speaking between Demosthenes and Cicero?

3. How did Plutarch compare the military achievements of Brutus and Dion?

4. Why does Plutarch claim that Dion was banished from the court of young Dionysius?

5. How did Ochus put himself in line to inherit Artaxerxes throne according to Plutarch?

6. How did Antony inspire a revolt against the assassins of Caesar, according to Plutarch?

7. What does Plutarch report to be the condition of Rome as Tiberius began his political career in Rome?

8. How does Plutarch claim Artaxerxes averted war with the Spartans?

9. What steps did Plutarch describe that gave Tiberius the ability to pass his land reform laws?

10. Why does Plutarch claim that Philip had Atarus poisoned?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Plutarch's reports of suicides among the figures he profiled plays very prominently in what he considers the figure's nobility or lack thereof. Compare the suicides of Cato and Otho. Explain the circumstances that led to the suicide, reasons the two gave for committing the act, and how you believe the act is a reflection of the character that Plutarch developed in his biography.

Essay Topic 2

Cato, the Younger, took many stands against the popular positions of the Roman Senate. One such stand was his warnings against the ambitions of Caesar as he was rising to power. What were the points that Cato raised in his warning, how did he respond as Pompey attempted to challenge Caesar, and what was the final outcome for Cato for taking his stand?

Essay Topic 3

Caius Gracchus took a low profile immediately following the beating death of his brother but eventually rose to a position of leadership in Rome. Analyze the political rise of Caius and give reasons for his taking a cautious approach to his political involvement. Point out achievements he made in his steps that helped him to move into higher offices. Explain how his ultimate agenda required his development of political support as he moved into a position to act upon it.

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