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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which one of the four being compared does Plutarch report had no great action worthy of a commander?

2. What honor does Plutarch report this earned for Demetrius and Antigonus from the Athenians?

3. After Dion drove Donysius II from Syracuse, what does Plutarch claim came of his attempt to form a government?

4. What did Plutarch claim that Caius had to overcome before he was elected to tribune?

5. Where does Plutarch claim that Demosthenes was when he committed suicide to avoid capture by the Macedonians?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why does Plutarch suggest Caesar showed favor to Brutus despite Brutus siding with Pompey during the civil war with Caesar?

2. What is a primary difference that can be inferred between the ancient Spartan civilization and the ancient Roman Empire from Plutarch's comparison between the Gracchi and the Spartans?

3. How did Antony inspire a revolt against the assassins of Caesar, according to Plutarch?

4. What difference does Plutarch recognize in the raising of the Gracchi Brothers (Tiberius and Caius) and The Spartans (Agis and Cleomenes)?

5. According to Plutarch, how did Tiberius' death affect Caius' entry into Roman politics?

6. What does Plutarch consider to be the difference in the deaths of the Gracci and the Spartans?

7. What does Plutarch claim Atarus did to free Sicyon from the tyrant Nicocles?

8. What does Plutarch report to be the condition of Rome as Tiberius began his political career in Rome?

9. Why does Plutarch claim that Dion was banished from the court of young Dionysius?

10. What steps did Plutarch describe that gave Tiberius the ability to pass his land reform laws?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Aratus gained tremendous political acclaim by driving the tyrant Nicocles from his palace. Detail the steps that Aratus took to return to Sicyon and get in the position to remove Nicocles from power. How did he build upon that reputation to unite the cities of Greece into a defensive league.

Essay Topic 2

Caesar spared Brutus despite his alliance with Pompey in the civil war between Pompey and Caesar. What made Brutus important enough to spare and what does it say of Brutus that he participated in the assassination of Caesar after Caesar spared him. Explain your answers with support from Plutarch's "Lives" from both the chapters on Brutus and Caesar.

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast Sertorius and Eumenes based upon their career tracks to becoming generals, their views of war, and the ways they died. Use details and quotes as they were reported by Plutarch.

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