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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Plutarch claim Aristotle provided that he considered, "...a perfect portable treasure of all military virtue and knowledge...."?

2. Why does Plutarch use the name, "Cato the Younger"?

3. What was the most notable sign that Plutarch suggests that proves Caesar had begun to win popular support to challenge Sylla?

4. What does Plutarch report to be Phocion's retort when Athens began to celebrate the death of Philip of Macedon?

5. Who did Plutarch report to be the father of Agis and Agesilaus?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Plutarch determine to be the difference in how Agesilaus and Pompey came to power?

2. What was the primary objective of Agis as King of the Spartans according to Plutarch?

3. How did Plutarch explain Lysander's misinterpretation of the prophesy regarding the successor to Agis?

4. What are the similarities that Plutarch found between Sertorius and Eumenes?

5. How long does Plutarch claim that Cato the Younger possessed an inflexible temperament?

6. What skill did Plutarch claim Caesar used to start building political influence in the Senate?

7. How does Plutarch claim Athenians responded when they falsely accused Phocion of treason and killed him after a mock trial?

8. On what occasion does Plutarch report Cato asked why his preceptor would not give him a sword to kill Sylla while he was being trained in Sylla's palace?

9. Why did Ptolemy's son, according to Plutarch, place Cleomenes under house arrest while he was in exile in Egypt?

10. Plutarch reports that Phocion had a continuously frowning look, what is a summary of Phocions quote to Chare when he remarked on his countenance?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Plutarch's biography of Alexander gave explicit details of how Alexander was supposedly a demigod and Plutarch's reports of Alexander's youth seemed to give support to the myth. Detail Plutarch's accounts of Alexander's supposedly divine heritage and two stories from his youth which could be taken to suggest that Alexander's intelligence and physical abilities were well above normal.

Essay Topic 2

Cato, the Younger, took many stands against the popular positions of the Roman Senate. One such stand was his warnings against the ambitions of Caesar as he was rising to power. What were the points that Cato raised in his warning, how did he respond as Pompey attempted to challenge Caesar, and what was the final outcome for Cato for taking his stand?

Essay Topic 3

Antony used his position that he cultivated with Caesar to rise to power in a triumvirate with Octavius after Caesar's assassination. Detail how Antony rose to power during and after the reign of Julius Caesar and how he fell from that power. Explain how the circumstances of his fall showed a character flaw that could have been avoided, and detail the steps that Antony took to victimize himself to his own flaw.

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