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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How old does Plutarch claim Alexander to have been when Philip left him in charge of Macedon while he went on an expedition against Byzantine?

2. What is a major difference between Sertorius and Eumenes that Plutarch recognized?

3. Who does Plutarch report took in Cato and his siblings after they were orphaned, and for what was this person known?

4. Who does Plutarch report ruled Rome in a Triumvirate while Cato served in the Senate?

5. Plutarch compares Sertorius to Philip, Antigonus, and Hannibal for his aggression, strategy, and what one other commonality?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Plutarch identify as the myth regarding Alexander's lineage that Plutarch suggested his mother, Olympus, might have spread?

2. What was the primary objective of Agis as King of the Spartans according to Plutarch?

3. What are the similarities that Plutarch found between Sertorius and Eumenes?

4. How did Plutarch explain Lysander's misinterpretation of the prophesy regarding the successor to Agis?

5. What does Plutarch note about the difference between Phocion's public disagreements in the Athenian assembly and how he spoke in general conversation?

6. How did Plutarch claim Eumenes caught the attention of Philip?

7. What were qualities of Alexander that Plutarch praised?

8. What did Plutarch identify as the difference between Eumenes and Sertorius in their approach to war?

9. Where does Plutarch report Caesar traveled to for conquests after he was elected as part of the Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus?

10. How did Plutarch detail Caesar's plan to become Consul of Rome by helping Pompey?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Antony used a speech to turn Rome against the conspirators of Caesar's assassination. He used his influence to persuade Octavius Caesar to have Cicero executed in spite of Cicero's support for Octavius as a ruling member of the triumvirate. Explain why you think that Antony would have such an interest to have Cicero removed from influence based upon what you can identify as Cicero's rhetorical skill against political opponents and Antony's Ambition after the assassination of Julius Caesar.

Essay Topic 2

Tiberius Gracchus was responded to the needs of homeless soldiers who's property was taken by legal schemes made by land owners while the soldiers were fighting wars. Investigate the reasons the soldiers were fighting the wars that took them from their homes, how wealthy land owners were in a position to manipulate laws, and how Tiberius was able to get land reform laws passed in spite of opposition in the senate. Summarize your essay with a position statement of what the government could have done at any point of the process to deal with the problem in a just manner.

Essay Topic 3

Caesar spared Brutus despite his alliance with Pompey in the civil war between Pompey and Caesar. What made Brutus important enough to spare and what does it say of Brutus that he participated in the assassination of Caesar after Caesar spared him. Explain your answers with support from Plutarch's "Lives" from both the chapters on Brutus and Caesar.

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