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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does Plutarch compare the climb to power between Agesilaus and Pompey?

2. According to Plutarch, how did Cleomenes become King of the Spartans?

3. From whom did Phocion learn of the military during his youth, according to Plutarch?

4. What did Plutarch report of Phocion's temperament?

5. What five qualities does Plutarch claim that Sertorius possessed in greater qualities than the other generals to whom Plutarch compared him?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Plutarch identify as the myth regarding Alexander's lineage that Plutarch suggested his mother, Olympus, might have spread?

2. What kind of commander did Plutarch consider Sertorius to be, and where did he fight and defeat Pompey?

3. What does Plutarch note about the difference between Phocion's public disagreements in the Athenian assembly and how he spoke in general conversation?

4. What did Plutarch identify as the difference between Eumenes and Sertorius in their approach to war?

5. On what occasion does Plutarch report Cato asked why his preceptor would not give him a sword to kill Sylla while he was being trained in Sylla's palace?

6. What did Plutarch determine to be the difference in how Agesilaus and Pompey came to power?

7. How does Plutarch report that Caesar was assassinated?

8. Where does Plutarch report Caesar traveled to for conquests after he was elected as part of the Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus?

9. What are the similarities that Plutarch found between Sertorius and Eumenes?

10. What does Plutarch identify as the cause of Alexander turning against his father, Philip?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Tiberius Gracchus was responded to the needs of homeless soldiers who's property was taken by legal schemes made by land owners while the soldiers were fighting wars. Investigate the reasons the soldiers were fighting the wars that took them from their homes, how wealthy land owners were in a position to manipulate laws, and how Tiberius was able to get land reform laws passed in spite of opposition in the senate. Summarize your essay with a position statement of what the government could have done at any point of the process to deal with the problem in a just manner.

Essay Topic 2

Plutarch reports that Caesar's life and travels were intertwined by events caused by other people. Starting with his reason for leaving Rome because of Sylla's relationship with his family and ending with his defeat of Scipio in Africa, identify the destinations of Caesar, the reason he took the trip, and what his mission there meant for him personally and achieved for the Roman Empire.

Essay Topic 3

Plutarch's biography of Alexander gave explicit details of how Alexander was supposedly a demigod and Plutarch's reports of Alexander's youth seemed to give support to the myth. Detail Plutarch's accounts of Alexander's supposedly divine heritage and two stories from his youth which could be taken to suggest that Alexander's intelligence and physical abilities were well above normal.

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