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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Plutarch report to be Phocion's retort when Athens began to celebrate the death of Philip of Macedon?

2. In what sort of activity did Eumenes get the attention of Philip of Macedon, according to Plutarch?

3. According to Plutarch, who authored laws in Lacedaemonia that caused land that was once subject to inheritance within families to be taken into a few wealthy hands?

4. What came of Rome after Crassus died, according to Plutarch?

5. What subject does Plutarch report Sertorius mastered as a youth?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Plutarch report that Caesar was assassinated?

2. Where does Plutarch report Caesar traveled to for conquests after he was elected as part of the Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus?

3. What did Plutarch identify as the difference between Eumenes and Sertorius in their approach to war?

4. Why does Plutarch claim Caesar left Rome while he was a young man?

5. What does Plutarch identify as the cause of Alexander turning against his father, Philip?

6. How long does Plutarch claim that Cato the Younger possessed an inflexible temperament?

7. What are the similarities that Plutarch found between Sertorius and Eumenes?

8. Why did Ptolemy's son, according to Plutarch, place Cleomenes under house arrest while he was in exile in Egypt?

9. How does Plutarch explain Agis' objectives affected the politics of Sparta?

10. Plutarch reports that Phocion had a continuously frowning look, what is a summary of Phocions quote to Chare when he remarked on his countenance?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Caius Gracchus took a low profile immediately following the beating death of his brother but eventually rose to a position of leadership in Rome. Analyze the political rise of Caius and give reasons for his taking a cautious approach to his political involvement. Point out achievements he made in his steps that helped him to move into higher offices. Explain how his ultimate agenda required his development of political support as he moved into a position to act upon it.

Essay Topic 2

Plutarch was born a Greek, and as an adult became a Roman Citizen. He wrote during the First Century, A.D., while the Roman Empire was still in its ascendancy. Give details of how Plutarch's background and citizenship influenced his choice of historical figures for which to write biographies, the events he chose to cover, and how he characterized the cities and citizens that were affected by these figures.

Essay Topic 3

Plutarch's biography of Alexander gave explicit details of how Alexander was supposedly a demigod and Plutarch's reports of Alexander's youth seemed to give support to the myth. Detail Plutarch's accounts of Alexander's supposedly divine heritage and two stories from his youth which could be taken to suggest that Alexander's intelligence and physical abilities were well above normal.

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