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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why did Plutarch claim that Tiberius was beaten to death on the Senate Floor?
(a) Because landowners became frustrated by his persistence and decided to end it in the senate.
(b) Because the senate was convinced that he was involved in the conspiracy against Caesar by Antony.
(c) Because homeless soldiers got tired of waiting for his success and stormed the senate floor and cornered Tiberius.
(d) Because Octavius made a speech that associated Tiberius' actions with those who had ambitions to become king.

2. How did Plutarch explain the tyrrant, Nicocles, rose to power?
(a) He invaded Sicyon and destroyed the leaders there.
(b) He inherited the position from his father.
(c) He assassinated Paseas.
(d) He took power from the other two members of a triumvirate.

3. How does Plutarch claim Demetrius fell into disfavor with the Athenians?
(a) By selling his sword to the Macedonians.
(b) By using his position in the assembly to solicit bribes.
(c) By demanding and squandering a large sum of money after liberating Athens a second time.
(d) By living in debauchery and drunkedness.

4. How did Tiberius finally push his land reform law through the Senate, according to Plutarch?
(a) He influenced the praetorian guard to enforce the law in spite of it not passing the senate.
(b) He imposed an edict preventing all magistrates from performing their functions until the law was passed.
(c) He incited the homeless soldiers to storm the senate and forse it to support the law.
(d) He used his rhetorical skills to influence the senate to support his land reform law.

5. Who did Plutarch report to be the first Roman official to try to take up the issue that confronted Tiberius after his election as tribune?
(a) Scipio.
(b) Crassus.
(c) Cicero.
(d) Caius Laelius.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Plutarch, what lead to the death of Aratus' father?

2. What is the reason Plutarch gives for Aratus deciding to make alliance with Philip of Macedon?

3. According to Plutarch, what was Artaxerxes' name before he became king?

4. Who does Plutarch claim led a successful conspiracy to murder Dion?

5. What honor does Plutarch report this earned for Demetrius and Antigonus from the Athenians?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Plutarch claim Artaxerxes averted war with the Spartans?

2. Why does Plutarch suggest Caesar showed favor to Brutus despite Brutus siding with Pompey during the civil war with Caesar?

3. What important position does Plutarch report Atarus took with Achaea, a league of Greek cities?

4. What is a primary difference that can be inferred between the ancient Spartan civilization and the ancient Roman Empire from Plutarch's comparison between the Gracchi and the Spartans?

5. What difference does Plutarch recognize in the raising of the Gracchi Brothers (Tiberius and Caius) and The Spartans (Agis and Cleomenes)?

6. What steps did Plutarch describe that gave Tiberius the ability to pass his land reform laws?

7. Why does Plutarch claim that Philip had Atarus poisoned?

8. What does Plutarch report to be the condition of Rome as Tiberius began his political career in Rome?

9. What does Plutarch claim was the result of Opimius undoing the land reforms that Caius enacted?

10. How did Antony inspire a revolt against the assassins of Caesar, according to Plutarch?

(see the answer keys)

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