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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Plutarch, what lead to the death of Aratus' father?
(a) He was chosen to as a magistrate over Sicyon as it tried to relieve itself from several tyrannies.
(b) He was killed after being exposed as leader of a conspiracy to overthrow a tyranny.
(c) He was killed by a jealous magistrate wanting to take his power.
(d) He died in battle for Sicyon.

2. What does Plutarch identify as the difference in the characters between "The Roman Brothers" and "The Spartans"?
(a) "The Roman Brothers" aspired to despotic power, but "The Spartans had a desire for glory and honors.
(b) "The Roman Brothers" had a desire to strengthen the systems of the Senate, but "The Spartans" sought to place all power in a single king.
(c) "The Roman Brothers" had a desire for glory and honors, but "The Spartans" loved contests and aspired to despotic power.
(d) "The Roman Brothers" sought to serve the Romans, but "The Spartans" sought to inspire revolution against Sparta's kings.

3. Who was the Macedonian King from which Plutarch reported Demetrius and his father, Antigonus, freed Athens?
(a) Cassander.
(b) Alexander.
(c) Philip.
(d) Antipater.

4. How does Plutarch explain the differences in the public acceptance with Demetrius' collection of wives and mistresses and Antony's affair with Cleopatra?
(a) Demetrius pursued both wealthy and common women, but Antony only pursued wealthy women.
(b) Demetrius only married Spartan women, but Antony pursued women of many nationalities.
(c) The Spartans commonly practiced polygamy whereas monogamy was the standard in Rome.
(d) Demetrius married many women to leave many sons, Antony only pursued women to enhance his political status.

5. Who led a conspiracy to overthrow the Roman Government that Plutarch reports Cicero exposed in the Senate?
(a) Cataline.
(b) Cassius.
(c) Brutus.
(d) Darius.

Short Answer Questions

1. What political difference does Plutarch recognize between "The Spartans"?

2. Who did Demetrius kill to take the throne of Macedon, according to Plutarch?

3. What did Plutarch identify as the primary difference between "The Roman Brothers" and "The Spartans"?

4. In the comparison of Tiberius and Caius Gracchus (henceforth identified here as "The Roman Brothers") with Agis and Cleomenes ("The Spartans"), how does Plutarch refer to Tiberius and Caius as a unit?

5. How does Plutarch claim Demetrius fell into disfavor with the Athenians?

Short Essay Questions

1. What steps did Plutarch describe that gave Tiberius the ability to pass his land reform laws?

2. What did Plutarch identify as the marks of Cicero's oratory style?

3. How did Ochus put himself in line to inherit Artaxerxes throne according to Plutarch?

4. Why does Plutarch claim that Philip had Atarus poisoned?

5. What difference does Plutarch recognize in the raising of the Gracchi Brothers (Tiberius and Caius) and The Spartans (Agis and Cleomenes)?

6. What does Plutarch consider to be the difference in the deaths of the Gracci and the Spartans?

7. According to Plutarch, why did Atarus leave Sicyon to grow up and get educated in Argos?

8. Why does Plutarch report that Artaxerxes had his son, Darius, executed?

9. How does Plutarch claim that Demosthenes become the best orator of his time?

10. What is a primary difference that can be inferred between the ancient Spartan civilization and the ancient Roman Empire from Plutarch's comparison between the Gracchi and the Spartans?

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