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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who led a conspiracy to overthrow the Roman Government that Plutarch reports Cicero exposed in the Senate?
(a) Cassius.
(b) Brutus.
(c) Cataline.
(d) Darius.

2. What does Plutarch record that Antony did in response to Brutus' and Cassius' assassination of Caesar?
(a) Used the vacancy created by Caesar's death to attempt to fill a power vacuum.
(b) Started an immediate pursuit to execute them for their crimes.
(c) Recommend them as governors for Roman provinces.
(d) Joined their alliance so he could become part of the Roman power structure.

3. What did Plutarch claim to be the main issue facing Tiberius after he was elected tribune of the people?
(a) Reforming the laws to even justice between the wealthy and the poor.
(b) Raising revenues through taxes to support Rome's many wars and Empire.
(c) Land reform to restore property taken by the wealthy class while common landowners were fighting wars.
(d) Internal improvements to help Rome transport goods in and out of the cities of the empire.

4. What is the first difference that Plutarch found between Demetrius and Antony?
(a) Demetrius was a willing mercenary, but Antony fought only for the glory of Rome.
(b) Demetrius was born into a humble family, but Antony was born into wealth.
(c) Demetrius lived a restrained life, but Antony was a victim of his vices.
(d) Demetrius' father proved his power as a great battle general, but Antony's father was not a warrior.

5. Why did Antigonus' son, Philip, kill Aratus, according to Plutarch?
(a) He had an affair with Aratus' wife while Aratus was fighting for him in battle.
(b) He wanted to rule over Aratus' Greek alliance.
(c) He saw Aratus as a threat to his power.
(d) He became resentful of Aratus.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Plutarch claim Demosthenes did with his suicide?

2. Why does Plutarch suggest Nicocles was wary of Aratus?

3. How does Plutarch claim that Demosthenes became the best orator of his time?

4. What did Plutarch claim to be the differences in motivation between Demosthenes and Cicero?

5. According to Plutarch, what was the difference in political support between "The Roman Brothers" and "The Spartans"?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Plutarch consider to be the difference in the deaths of the Gracci and the Spartans?

2. Why does Plutarch report that Artaxerxes had his son, Darius, executed?

3. What steps did Plutarch describe that gave Tiberius the ability to pass his land reform laws?

4. Why does Plutarch suggest Caesar showed favor to Brutus despite Brutus siding with Pompey during the civil war with Caesar?

5. Why does Plutarch claim that Philip had Atarus poisoned?

6. How does Plutarch claim Artaxerxes averted war with the Spartans?

7. 1.What does Plutarch recognize as the major difference between the governing styles between the Gracchi and the Spartans?

8. What difference does Plutarch recognize in the raising of the Gracchi Brothers (Tiberius and Caius) and The Spartans (Agis and Cleomenes)?

9. How did Plutarch compare the military achievements of Brutus and Dion?

10. How does Plutarch claim that Demosthenes become the best orator of his time?

(see the answer keys)

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