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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which one of the four being compared does Plutarch report had no great action worthy of a commander?
(a) Agis.
(b) Caius.
(c) Cleomenes.
(d) Tiberius.

2. Who does Plutarch report to be the father of Tiberius and Caius Gracchus?
(a) Julius Caesar.
(b) Caius Gracchus I.
(c) Tiberius Gracchus I.
(d) Cicero.

3. Who does Plutarch identify as predecessor to Galba as emperor of Rome?
(a) Nero.
(b) Octavian.
(c) Lepidus.
(d) Otho.

4. How did Plutarch compare the deaths of "The Roman Brothers" to "The Spartans"?
(a) Plutarch believes both died nobly pursuing what they felt was the best for their people.
(b) Plutarch believes that "The Spartans" died more courageously than did "The Roman Brothers"?
(c) Plutarch believes that "The Roman" brothers died nobly defending their principles, but "The Spartans" died from an unwise pursuit of war.
(d) Plutarch's record of "The Spartans" death is the only one that is not violent, but he was impressed with how "The Roman Brothers" died in battle.

5. What did Plutarch claim came of Caius after his death?
(a) His body was displayed by his enemies as a warning to his supporters.
(b) Romans felt regret for what had happened and erected a statue in his honor.
(c) His head was cut off and presented to Opimius as a gift.
(d) His body was found by his family and burned.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who did Demetrius kill to take the throne of Macedon, according to Plutarch?

2. What Macedonian King did Plutarch claim regarded Aratus as a trusted adviser?

3. After the death of Tiberius, what did Plutarch report to be the first office to which his brother, Caius was elected?

4. How does Plutarch report that Demosthenes and Cicero showed the differences in their personalities through their speeches?

5. Who was the Macedonian King from which Plutarch reported Demetrius and his father, Antigonus, freed Athens?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why does Plutarch report that Artaxerxes had his son, Darius, executed?

2. What does Plutarch claim Atarus did to free Sicyon from the tyrant Nicocles?

3. How does Plutarch claim Artaxerxes averted war with the Spartans?

4. How did Artaxerxes become King of Persia, according to Plutarch?

5. 1.What does Plutarch recognize as the major difference between the governing styles between the Gracchi and the Spartans?

6. What did Plutarch consider to be the difference between the several wives that Demetrius took as opposed to Antony taking up with Cleopatra?

7. How did Plutarch compare the military achievements of Brutus and Dion?

8. How did Plutarch show the differences in the motivations for speaking between Demosthenes and Cicero?

9. What is a primary difference that can be inferred between the ancient Spartan civilization and the ancient Roman Empire from Plutarch's comparison between the Gracchi and the Spartans?

10. Why does Plutarch suggest Caesar showed favor to Brutus despite Brutus siding with Pompey during the civil war with Caesar?

(see the answer keys)

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