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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the comparison of Tiberius and Caius Gracchus (henceforth identified here as "The Roman Brothers") with Agis and Cleomenes ("The Spartans"), how does Plutarch refer to Tiberius and Caius as a unit?
(a) Sons of Gracchus.
(b) The Gracchi.
(c) The Romans.
(d) Tiberius and Caius.

2. Why did Plutarch claim that Tiberius was beaten to death on the Senate Floor?
(a) Because landowners became frustrated by his persistence and decided to end it in the senate.
(b) Because the senate was convinced that he was involved in the conspiracy against Caesar by Antony.
(c) Because homeless soldiers got tired of waiting for his success and stormed the senate floor and cornered Tiberius.
(d) Because Octavius made a speech that associated Tiberius' actions with those who had ambitions to become king.

3. Where did Demosthenes encourage Greeks to resist the rule of Philip and Alexander, according to Plutarch?
(a) Through a Greek defensive alliance called Achaea.
(b) At the battle of Chaeronea.
(c) On the streets of Athens.
(d) In the Athenian Assembly.

4. Who did Brutus join in the successful assassination attempt against Caesar, according to Plutarch?
(a) Cassius.
(b) Crassus.
(c) Antony.
(d) Pompey.

5. Why did Antigonus' son, Philip, kill Aratus, according to Plutarch?
(a) He wanted to rule over Aratus' Greek alliance.
(b) He saw Aratus as a threat to his power.
(c) He became resentful of Aratus.
(d) He had an affair with Aratus' wife while Aratus was fighting for him in battle.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Plutarch compare the deaths of "The Roman Brothers" to "The Spartans"?

2. What did Plutarch claim to be the differences in motivation between Demosthenes and Cicero?

3. What does Plutarch identify as the difference in the characters between "The Roman Brothers" and "The Spartans"?

4. What does Plutarch consider to be the difference between the reasons that Demosthenes and Cicero fled from the authorities?

5. How does Plutarch compare the motivations of rebelling between Dion and Brutus?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Artaxerxes become King of Persia, according to Plutarch?

2. How does Plutarch claim Artaxerxes averted war with the Spartans?

3. Why does Plutarch claim that Dion was banished from the court of young Dionysius?

4. What difference does Plutarch recognize in the raising of the Gracchi Brothers (Tiberius and Caius) and The Spartans (Agis and Cleomenes)?

5. What did Plutarch consider to be the difference between the several wives that Demetrius took as opposed to Antony taking up with Cleopatra?

6. What steps did Plutarch describe that gave Tiberius the ability to pass his land reform laws?

7. How did Plutarch report that Demetrius fell in and out of favor with Athenians?

8. Why does Plutarch suggest Caesar showed favor to Brutus despite Brutus siding with Pompey during the civil war with Caesar?

9. How did Plutarch show the differences in the motivations for speaking between Demosthenes and Cicero?

10. How did Plutarch compare the military achievements of Brutus and Dion?

(see the answer keys)

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