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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which one of the four being compared does Plutarch report had no great action worthy of a commander?
(a) Tiberius.
(b) Agis.
(c) Caius.
(d) Cleomenes.

2. How does Plutarch claim that Demosthenes became the best orator of his time?
(a) He was an avid reader and often quoted from the ancient masters.
(b) He was trained in rhetorical arts by Aristotle.
(c) By practicing long hours to develop a dramatic, persuasive style.
(d) He had a natural flare that came naturally.

3. How was Cyrus' effort to overthrow Artaxerxes ended, according to Plutarch?
(a) He saw his challenge was harmful to Persia and committed suicide.
(b) Cyrus was killed in a conspiracy led by Artaxerxes' son Darius.
(c) Their mother demanded they stop.
(d) He died in battle, supposedly by a spear thrown by Artaxerxes.

4. What is the reason Plutarch gives for Aratus deciding to make alliance with Philip of Macedon?
(a) To defend Greece from the Spartans.
(b) To benefit from the empire Philip was building.
(c) Cleomenes' victories over nearly all Achaean cities.
(d) To prevent being attacked by Philip.

5. How did Plutarch explain the tyrrant, Nicocles, rose to power?
(a) He assassinated Paseas.
(b) He took power from the other two members of a triumvirate.
(c) He inherited the position from his father.
(d) He invaded Sicyon and destroyed the leaders there.

Short Answer Questions

1. For what does Plutarch claim Artaxerxes II was known?

2. Based upon the intended audience of the profile on Aratus, what does Plutarch establish as his focus?

3. Why does Plutarch suggest Nicocles was wary of Aratus?

4. What did Plutarch claim to be the differences in motivation between Demosthenes and Cicero?

5. What tyrannical Syracusan King does Plutarch report Dion served as he became wealthy?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Artaxerxes become King of Persia, according to Plutarch?

2. What is a primary difference that can be inferred between the ancient Spartan civilization and the ancient Roman Empire from Plutarch's comparison between the Gracchi and the Spartans?

3. How did Ochus put himself in line to inherit Artaxerxes throne according to Plutarch?

4. What does Plutarch claim Atarus did to free Sicyon from the tyrant Nicocles?

5. How did Plutarch show the differences in the motivations for speaking between Demosthenes and Cicero?

6. What does Plutarch report to be the condition of Rome as Tiberius began his political career in Rome?

7. How did Plutarch describe the defeat of Brutus after the death of Caesar?

8. How does Plutarch claim that Demosthenes become the best orator of his time?

9. What steps did Plutarch describe that gave Tiberius the ability to pass his land reform laws?

10. How does Plutarch claim Artaxerxes averted war with the Spartans?

(see the answer keys)

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