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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Plutarch claim to be the differences in motivation between Demosthenes and Cicero?
(a) Demosthenes sought glory and honor, but Cicero was motivated by personal gain.
(b) Demosthenes was humble and generous, but Cicero was impulsive and greedy.
(c) Demosthenes was motivated by personal gain, but Cicero refused to take any gifts.
(d) Demosthenes was motivated by inspiring Greeks to their past glory, but Cicero was driven by the desire for glory.

2. Why did Plutarch claim Artaxerxes' mother favored Cyrus as king when Darius died?
(a) Because Artaxerxes' mother became pregnant with him while Cyrus was married to another woman.
(b) Because Artaxerxes travelled on campaigns with his father, while Cyrus stayed and managed the home for his mother.
(c) Because she had given birth to Cyrus after Darius had become king.
(d) Because Cyrus was peaceful and Artaxerxes was a warrior.

3. What did Plutarch claim came of Caius after his death?
(a) His head was cut off and presented to Opimius as a gift.
(b) His body was found by his family and burned.
(c) His body was displayed by his enemies as a warning to his supporters.
(d) Romans felt regret for what had happened and erected a statue in his honor.

4. What role did Antony eventually take in Rome, according to Plutarch, after Caesar's assassination?
(a) He became the consul of the senate.
(b) He became one of Rome's most powerful generals.
(c) He took power with Lepidius and Octavian in a triumvirate similar to the one formed by Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.
(d) He became the lead diplomat to Egypt.

5. What did Plutarch report Darius did to prevent his ascension to Artaxerxes' throne?
(a) He made himself a eunuch.
(b) He fled for Rome.
(c) He married a Spartan woman.
(d) He was discovered in a conspiracy to kill Artaxerxes and was executed.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Plutarch record that Antony did in response to Brutus' and Cassius' assassination of Caesar?

2. According to Plutarch, what lead to the death of Aratus' father?

3. Who does Plutarch identify as the father of Aratus?

4. Who did Demetrius kill to take the throne of Macedon, according to Plutarch?

5. Who did Brutus join in the successful assassination attempt against Caesar, according to Plutarch?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Plutarch compare the deaths of Demetrius and Antony?

2. How did Plutarch report that Demetrius fell in and out of favor with Athenians?

3. What does Plutarch claim was the result of Opimius undoing the land reforms that Caius enacted?

4. What important position does Plutarch report Atarus took with Achaea, a league of Greek cities?

5. How does Plutarch claim that Demosthenes become the best orator of his time?

6. According to Plutarch, how did Tiberius' death affect Caius' entry into Roman politics?

7. What does Plutarch claim Atarus did to free Sicyon from the tyrant Nicocles?

8. What is a primary difference that can be inferred between the ancient Spartan civilization and the ancient Roman Empire from Plutarch's comparison between the Gracchi and the Spartans?

9. How did Artaxerxes become King of Persia, according to Plutarch?

10. What did Plutarch identify as the marks of Cicero's oratory style?

(see the answer keys)

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