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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Plutarch explain the tyrrant, Nicocles, rose to power?
(a) He assassinated Paseas.
(b) He took power from the other two members of a triumvirate.
(c) He invaded Sicyon and destroyed the leaders there.
(d) He inherited the position from his father.

2. What role did Antony eventually take in Rome, according to Plutarch, after Caesar's assassination?
(a) He took power with Lepidius and Octavian in a triumvirate similar to the one formed by Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.
(b) He became one of Rome's most powerful generals.
(c) He became the lead diplomat to Egypt.
(d) He became the consul of the senate.

3. How did Ochus come to succeed Artaxerxes, according to Plutarch?
(a) He bribed his father.
(b) He was the favorite of his mother.
(c) He murdered his brother Arsames and drove his other brother Ariaspes to suicide.
(d) He avoided war, but his brothers died in war.

4. According to Plutarch, what was Artaxerxes' name before he became king?
(a) Ochus.
(b) Ariaspes.
(c) Darius.
(d) Arsicas.

5. What did Plutarch report to be the differences between Rome and Sparta at the time "The Roman Brothers" and "The Spartans" had their influence?
(a) "The Roman Brothers" lived in a time of rebellion against Rome by its extended provinces, but "The Spartans" were part of a time of peace and industry.
(b) "The Roman Brothers" lived at the time that Rome had risen to its greatest repute, but "The Spartans" lived when Sparta was sinking and debauched.
(c) "The Roman Brothers" lived as Rome was transitioning from a Republic to an Empire, but "The Spartans" lived as Sparta was coming to the end of extended captivity to Macedon.
(d) "The Roman Brothers" became part of a movement to unite the provinces of Rome, but "The Spartans" were fighting to free Sparta from Macedonian domination.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who led a conspiracy to overthrow the Roman Government that Plutarch reports Cicero exposed in the Senate?

2. Why did Antigonus' son, Philip, kill Aratus, according to Plutarch?

3. Who does Plutarch report was to be successor to Artaxerxes throne?

4. What affect does Plutarch claim Aratus' education and his father's death have on Aratus?

5. Who does Plutarch identify as predecessor to Galba as emperor of Rome?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Plutarch show the differences in the motivations for speaking between Demosthenes and Cicero?

2. How did Ochus put himself in line to inherit Artaxerxes throne according to Plutarch?

3. What did Plutarch consider to be the difference between the several wives that Demetrius took as opposed to Antony taking up with Cleopatra?

4. What important position does Plutarch report Atarus took with Achaea, a league of Greek cities?

5. How does Plutarch claim Artaxerxes averted war with the Spartans?

6. How did Artaxerxes become King of Persia, according to Plutarch?

7. What difference does Plutarch recognize in the raising of the Gracchi Brothers (Tiberius and Caius) and The Spartans (Agis and Cleomenes)?

8. What is a primary difference that can be inferred between the ancient Spartan civilization and the ancient Roman Empire from Plutarch's comparison between the Gracchi and the Spartans?

9. According to Plutarch, why did Atarus leave Sicyon to grow up and get educated in Argos?

10. How did Plutarch compare the military achievements of Brutus and Dion?

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