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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through The Comparison of Tiberius and Caius Gracchus with Agis and Cleomenes.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Plutarch, how did Caesar begin his rise to power over Rome?
(a) By bringing wealth back to Rome after military victories and sharing it among the plebes.
(b) By forming political alliances in the Senate.
(c) By using his new learned rhetorical skills to bring charges of corruption against high-ranking officials in Sylla's administration.
(d) By using his military victories to gain political support from the population.

2. What did Plutarch report of Phocion's temperament?
(a) "...that scarcely was he ever seen by any Athenian either laughing, or in tears."
(b) "...That public bodies are most insulting and contumelious to a good man,...."
(c) "For assuredly there is difference enough among virtues of the same denomination as between the bravery of Alcibiades and that of Eapmindondas,..."
(d) "He that remonstrates with them (public bodies) on their errors is presumed to be insulting over their misfortunes...."

3. What did Plutarch identify as the primary difference between "The Roman Brothers" and "The Spartans"?
(a) "The Roman Brothers" were wealthy landowners, but "The Spartans" gained their wealth through military exploits.
(b) "The Roman Brothers" improved their virtue through generous education but "The Spartans" kept their virtue in a social environment that had corrupted others.
(c) "The Roman Brothers" were great warriors, but "The Spartans" were thinkers and politicians.
(d) "The Roman Brothers" tried to revert the Roman culture to its old ways, but "The Spartans" only tried moderate changes in the legal system.

4. What does Plutarch identify as the difference in the characters between "The Roman Brothers" and "The Spartans"?
(a) "The Roman Brothers" had a desire to strengthen the systems of the Senate, but "The Spartans" sought to place all power in a single king.
(b) "The Roman Brothers" aspired to despotic power, but "The Spartans had a desire for glory and honors.
(c) "The Roman Brothers" had a desire for glory and honors, but "The Spartans" loved contests and aspired to despotic power.
(d) "The Roman Brothers" sought to serve the Romans, but "The Spartans" sought to inspire revolution against Sparta's kings.

5. What did Plutarch report as the difference in the affects on the homelands of "The Roman Brothers" and "The Spartans"?
(a) "The Roman Brothers" were responsible for the split of the Roman Empire, but "The Spartans" extended Sparta into India.
(b) "The Roman Brothers" stabilized the government prior to its greatest empirical march, but "The Spartans" left the government stagnated and ineffectual.
(c) The work of "The Roman Brothers" gave no addition to Rome's former greatness, but "The Spartans" helped Sparta exert power over all of Peloponnesus and restored the orderly rule of the sons of Hercules.
(d) The work of "The Roman Brothers" helped to expand the Roman Empire, but "The Spartans" led to an extended captivity to Macedon.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why does Plutarch suggest that Cleomenes eliminated the office of ephors from Spartan Government?

2. Who did Plutarch claim Agis had imprisoned and hanged?

3. What did Plutarch report to be Agesilaus' physical deformity?

4. Which one of the four being compared does Plutarch report had no great action worthy of a commander?

5. How did Plutarch compare the deaths of "The Roman Brothers" to "The Spartans"?

(see the answer key)

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