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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who did Plutarch report to be the first Roman official to try to take up the issue that confronted Tiberius after his election as tribune?
(a) Crassus.
(b) Scipio.
(c) Cicero.
(d) Caius Laelius.

2. According to Plutarch, what was the purpose of the Greek alliances that Aratus helped to form?
(a) To provide an empire for his ancestor's wealth.
(b) Mutual defense of the allied cities.
(c) Creating a great empire to challenge the Romans.
(d) To establish a political base for his plans for power.

3. How does Plutarch report that Demosthenes and Cicero showed the differences in their personalities through their speeches?
(a) Demosthenes was trivial and lighthearted, but Cicero was somber and deliberate.
(b) Demosthenes was somber and deliberte, but Cicero was trivial and lighthearted.
(c) Demosthenes was serious and eloquent, but Cicero loved to jest and make fun of his opponents.
(d) Demosthenes loved to just and make fun of his opponents, but Cicero was serious and eloquent.

4. What did Plutarch claim that Caius had to overcome before he was elected to tribune?
(a) False charges that he had been defiant to his authorities as a quaestor, that he had excited insurrections among allies, and had been involved in conspiracies.
(b) His fear that the animosity for his brother still existed.
(c) The unwillingness of the senate to release lands that were under its authority.
(d) The hold that landowners had over the senate.

5. Who does Plutarch identify as predecessor to Galba as emperor of Rome?
(a) Nero.
(b) Octavian.
(c) Lepidus.
(d) Otho.

6. What did Plutarch report to be the differences between Rome and Sparta at the time "The Roman Brothers" and "The Spartans" had their influence?
(a) "The Roman Brothers" lived at the time that Rome had risen to its greatest repute, but "The Spartans" lived when Sparta was sinking and debauched.
(b) "The Roman Brothers" lived as Rome was transitioning from a Republic to an Empire, but "The Spartans" lived as Sparta was coming to the end of extended captivity to Macedon.
(c) "The Roman Brothers" became part of a movement to unite the provinces of Rome, but "The Spartans" were fighting to free Sparta from Macedonian domination.
(d) "The Roman Brothers" lived in a time of rebellion against Rome by its extended provinces, but "The Spartans" were part of a time of peace and industry.

7. According to Plutarch, who prevented Cyrus from assassinating Artaxerxes at his inaugural ceremonies as king?
(a) Ochus.
(b) Cyrus and Artaxerxes mother.
(c) Ariaspes.
(d) Arsicas.

8. For what did Plutarch claim that Artaxerxes I of Persia was known?
(a) For a gentle and noble spirit and his right hand being longer than his left hand.
(b) For overcoming Babylon at the height of its empire.
(c) For being a brutal tyrant.
(d) For being generous and patient.

9. What did Plutarch report Darius did to prevent his ascension to Artaxerxes' throne?
(a) He married a Spartan woman.
(b) He made himself a eunuch.
(c) He fled for Rome.
(d) He was discovered in a conspiracy to kill Artaxerxes and was executed.

10. Who does Plutarch claim led a successful conspiracy to murder Dion?
(a) His half brother Ochus.
(b) Gelon.
(c) His brother Thearides.
(d) His friend, Callippus.

11. How did Plutarch explain the tyrrant, Nicocles, rose to power?
(a) He inherited the position from his father.
(b) He took power from the other two members of a triumvirate.
(c) He assassinated Paseas.
(d) He invaded Sicyon and destroyed the leaders there.

12. Why did Plutarch report Cyrus attempted to overthrow Artaxerxes?
(a) Because the people of Persia could not support anymore wars.
(b) Because Artaxerxes' son, Darius, convinced him he would share power with him.
(c) Cyrus listened to factious men that voiced the opinion that the times and size of the Persian Empire required a leader with Cyrus' talents.
(d) Because Cyrus knew he would have his mother's support.

13. How did Plutarch compare the deaths of "The Roman Brothers" to "The Spartans"?
(a) Plutarch believes that "The Spartans" died more courageously than did "The Roman Brothers"?
(b) Plutarch believes both died nobly pursuing what they felt was the best for their people.
(c) Plutarch believes that "The Roman" brothers died nobly defending their principles, but "The Spartans" died from an unwise pursuit of war.
(d) Plutarch's record of "The Spartans" death is the only one that is not violent, but he was impressed with how "The Roman Brothers" died in battle.

14. What does Plutarch report that Antony did after his first reaction the Assassination of Caesar?
(a) Organized a tribunal to judge the members of the conspiracy.
(b) Joined Octavius and Lepidus in a triumvirate.
(c) He delivered a speech that turned the Roman population against Brutus and Cassius.
(d) Began a civil war to punish Brutus and Cassius.

15. Where did Demosthenes encourage Greeks to resist the rule of Philip and Alexander, according to Plutarch?
(a) In the Athenian Assembly.
(b) On the streets of Athens.
(c) At the battle of Chaeronea.
(d) Through a Greek defensive alliance called Achaea.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does Plutarch compare the motivations of rebelling between Dion and Brutus?

2. For what does Plutarch claim Artaxerxes II was known?

3. How did Tiberius finally push his land reform law through the Senate, according to Plutarch?

4. Where does Plutarch claim that Demosthenes was when he committed suicide to avoid capture by the Macedonians?

5. How did Plutarch claim Artaxerxes avoided a war with the Spartans?

(see the answer keys)

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