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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who did Plutarch report to be the first Roman official to try to take up the issue that confronted Tiberius after his election as tribune?
(a) Caius Laelius.
(b) Crassus.
(c) Scipio.
(d) Cicero.

2. Who did Plutarch identify as being responsible for opposing and turning back the legal and land reforms that were won by Caius as tribune?
(a) Opimius.
(b) Antony.
(c) Caius Laelius.
(d) Octavius.

3. Based upon the intended audience of the profile on Aratus, what does Plutarch establish as his focus?
(a) The desire of other public figures to conduct themselves like Aratus.
(b) His personal similarity to the nobility of Aratus.
(c) The influence that ancestral examples can have on developing the character of children.
(d) The gratitude of the decendants of Aratus.

4. What did Plutarch claim came of Caius after his death?
(a) Romans felt regret for what had happened and erected a statue in his honor.
(b) His body was found by his family and burned.
(c) His body was displayed by his enemies as a warning to his supporters.
(d) His head was cut off and presented to Opimius as a gift.

5. For what did Plutarch claim that Artaxerxes I of Persia was known?
(a) For a gentle and noble spirit and his right hand being longer than his left hand.
(b) For being generous and patient.
(c) For overcoming Babylon at the height of its empire.
(d) For being a brutal tyrant.

6. With whom does Plutarch report that Cicero joined in a conspiracy with against the son of Caesar?
(a) Cataline and Darius.
(b) Pompey and Crassus.
(c) Brutus and Cassius.
(d) Antony and Lepidus.

7. What role did Antony eventually take in Rome, according to Plutarch, after Caesar's assassination?
(a) He took power with Lepidius and Octavian in a triumvirate similar to the one formed by Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.
(b) He became the lead diplomat to Egypt.
(c) He became the consul of the senate.
(d) He became one of Rome's most powerful generals.

8. What does Plutarch report led to Antony's suicide at the threat of being defeated by Octavian?
(a) His love affair with Queen Cleopatra of Egypt and his defense of Egypt against Octavian.
(b) He was cornered with the co-conspirators of Caesar.
(c) He began a civil war with Ocavian and Lepidus in an effort to take total power of Rome.
(d) He sided with Lepidus in a civil war against Octavian.

9. Who does Plutarch identify as predecessor to Galba as emperor of Rome?
(a) Octavian.
(b) Nero.
(c) Lepidus.
(d) Otho.

10. According to Plutarch, for what was Cicero's rhetoric noted?
(a) Fiery emotion and revolutionary appeal.
(b) Somber and serious focus.
(c) Sharp wit, constant joking, and sarcastic remarks.
(d) Planned and methodical logic.

11. What does Plutarch claim Demosthenes did with his suicide?
(a) Cheated Antipater of the opportunity to publicly humiliate him.
(b) Caused great sorrow to the Greeks who marveled in his wisdom.
(c) Laughed to scorn the cruelty of Antipater.
(d) Satisfied his political opponents in the Athenian Assembly.

12. How does Plutarch report that Demosthenes and Cicero showed the differences in their personalities through their speeches?
(a) Demosthenes loved to just and make fun of his opponents, but Cicero was serious and eloquent.
(b) Demosthenes was trivial and lighthearted, but Cicero was somber and deliberate.
(c) Demosthenes was somber and deliberte, but Cicero was trivial and lighthearted.
(d) Demosthenes was serious and eloquent, but Cicero loved to jest and make fun of his opponents.

13. What Macedonian King did Plutarch claim regarded Aratus as a trusted adviser?
(a) Antipater.
(b) Alexander.
(c) Antigonus.
(d) Philip.

14. How did Plutarch compare the deaths of "The Roman Brothers" to "The Spartans"?
(a) Plutarch believes that "The Roman" brothers died nobly defending their principles, but "The Spartans" died from an unwise pursuit of war.
(b) Plutarch's record of "The Spartans" death is the only one that is not violent, but he was impressed with how "The Roman Brothers" died in battle.
(c) Plutarch believes that "The Spartans" died more courageously than did "The Roman Brothers"?
(d) Plutarch believes both died nobly pursuing what they felt was the best for their people.

15. What did Plutarch claim to be the main issue facing Tiberius after he was elected tribune of the people?
(a) Raising revenues through taxes to support Rome's many wars and Empire.
(b) Internal improvements to help Rome transport goods in and out of the cities of the empire.
(c) Reforming the laws to even justice between the wealthy and the poor.
(d) Land reform to restore property taken by the wealthy class while common landowners were fighting wars.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Plutarch claim that Caius had to overcome before he was elected to tribune?

2. After the death of Tiberius, what did Plutarch report to be the first office to which his brother, Caius was elected?

3. How did Ochus come to succeed Artaxerxes, according to Plutarch?

4. How does Plutarch explain the differences in the public acceptance with Demetrius' collection of wives and mistresses and Antony's affair with Cleopatra?

5. Who does Plutarch report was to be successor to Artaxerxes throne?

(see the answer keys)

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