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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Plutarch compare Agesilaus and Pompey in their treatment of the men who supported their rise to power?
(a) Both Agesilaus and Pompey betrayed those who helped them through their careers.
(b) Pompey remained loyal to Sylla even through the years Sylla had withdrawn his favor, but Agesilaus cast off Lysander with reproach after he rose to power on Lysander's misinterpretation of prophesy.
(c) Agesilaus placed Lysander in an important province to honor his help whereas Pompey began making political connections so he could escape the influence of Sylla.
(d) Both Agesilaus and Pompey remained loyal to those who helped their careers.

2. What are the character qualities Plutarch attributes to Cato from infancy?
(a) He had an inflexible temper, resolute in purpose, and not easily provoked to anger.
(b) He had an influential rhetorical style that easily impressed audiences.
(c) He had an uncommon ability to retain knowledge.
(d) He showed great sensitivity to women and plebes.

3. What is a major difference between Sertorius and Eumenes that Plutarch recognized?
(a) Sertorius' soldiers yielded to him freely, whereas Eumenes won a contested office by proving his superiority.
(b) Sertorius was well read, but Eumenes was illiterate.
(c) That Sertorious had the support of the government, but Eumenes was in rebellion against the government.
(d) That Sertorius was a learned captain, but Eumenes gained all of his knowledge from battle.

4. How did Plutarch compare Sertorius and Eumenes in their views of war?
(a) Both Eumenes hated the death of war, but loved the thrill of strategy.
(b) Both Eumenes and Sertorius loved war.
(c) Eumenes naturally loved war, but Sertorius esteemed peace and tranquility.
(d) Both Eumenes and Sertorius esteemed peace and tranquility.

5. What preceded Caesar's election by the Senate to Dictator, according to Plutarch?
(a) His defeat over Pompey in a civil war.
(b) A crowd stirring speech by Antony.
(c) Brutus' pledge of support to Caesar.
(d) Cassius choosing to join Caesar's army.

Short Answer Questions

1. There were 12 Roman Caesar's. Which one is Plutarch chronicling?

2. What does Plutarch report to be the condition of Lacedaemonia when Agis and his partner began their reign?

3. Why does Plutarch suggest that Cleomenes eliminated the office of ephors from Spartan Government?

4. What was the most notable sign that Plutarch suggests that proves Caesar had begun to win popular support to challenge Sylla?

5. Why does Plutarch use the name, "Cato the Younger"?

Short Essay Questions

1. Where does Plutarch report Caesar traveled to for conquests after he was elected as part of the Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus?

2. What kind of commander did Plutarch consider Sertorius to be, and where did he fight and defeat Pompey?

3. How did Plutarch claim Eumenes caught the attention of Philip?

4. According to Plutarch, why did Cato fall into disfavor with Caesar?

5. Why does Plutarch claim Caesar left Rome while he was a young man?

6. How did Plutarch explain Lysander's misinterpretation of the prophesy regarding the successor to Agis?

7. What does Plutarch claim Cleomenes did to prevent the political turmoil that overtook Agis?

8. How did Plutarch detail Caesar's plan to become Consul of Rome by helping Pompey?

9. What did Plutarch identify as the myth regarding Alexander's lineage that Plutarch suggested his mother, Olympus, might have spread?

10. What did Plutarch identify as the difference between Eumenes and Sertorius in their approach to war?

(see the answer keys)

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