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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. With whom did Pompey ally himself to overcome the reputation of his father, and who did Plutarch report they oppose in a civil conflict for power over Rome?
(a) Pompey allied himself with Caesar in an attempt to overthrow Sylla.
(b) Pompey allied himself with Metellus to overthrow Sertorius' rebellions in Spain.
(c) Pompey allied himself with Crassus to overthrow Caesar.
(d) Pompey allied himself with a very popular general named Sylla and they united their armies to oppose the tyrant, Carbo.

2. Who were they, and what were the nationalities of Alexander's parents, according to Plutarch?
(a) Philip of Greece, and Potidaea of Rome.
(b) Attalus of Macedon and Olympia of Greece.
(c) Philip of Macedon, and Olympia of Greece.
(d) Eumens of Sparta, and Cleopatra of Persia.

3. Who did Plutarch report to be the father of Agis and Agesilaus?
(a) Duris the historian.
(b) Zeuxidamus, King of the Lacedaemonians.
(c) Alcibiades.
(d) Archidamus, king of the Lacedaemonians.

4. To whose death did Plutarch compare the death of Phocion?
(a) To Sertorius'.
(b) To Cato's.
(c) To Caesar's.
(d) Aristotle's.

5. What did Plutarch report of Phocion's temperament?
(a) "...that scarcely was he ever seen by any Athenian either laughing, or in tears."
(b) "For assuredly there is difference enough among virtues of the same denomination as between the bravery of Alcibiades and that of Eapmindondas,..."
(c) "He that remonstrates with them (public bodies) on their errors is presumed to be insulting over their misfortunes...."
(d) "...That public bodies are most insulting and contumelious to a good man,...."

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Plutarch claim Caesar said when he heard of Cato's suicide?

2. What is the first similarity that Plutarch recognized between Sertorius and Eumenes?

3. According to Plutarch, what eventually led to Alexander and his mother, Olympia, separating from Philip to become his rivals?

4. What does Plutarch claim caused Caesar and Pompey to become rivals for power?

5. What disaster does Plutarch report occurred on the day that Alexander was born that later added to the legend that he was a demi-god?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the primary objective of Agis as King of the Spartans according to Plutarch?

2. How long does Plutarch claim that Cato the Younger possessed an inflexible temperament?

3. What kind of commander did Plutarch consider Sertorius to be, and where did he fight and defeat Pompey?

4. How does Plutarch claim Athenians responded when they falsely accused Phocion of treason and killed him after a mock trial?

5. What does Plutarch note about the difference between Phocion's public disagreements in the Athenian assembly and how he spoke in general conversation?

6. What did Plutarch identify as the myth regarding Alexander's lineage that Plutarch suggested his mother, Olympus, might have spread?

7. How did Plutarch claim Eumenes caught the attention of Philip?

8. What did Plutarch determine to be the difference in how Agesilaus and Pompey came to power?

9. What does Plutarch report came of the Athens military when the Athenian Assembly went against Phocion's recommendations not to enter a war with Philip of Macedon?

10. According to Plutarch, why did Cato fall into disfavor with Caesar?

(see the answer keys)

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