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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the most notable sign that Plutarch suggests that proves Caesar had begun to win popular support to challenge Sylla?
(a) When he challenged Sylla's hold on power directly in the Senate.
(b) When he took possession of a field owned by Sylla.
(c) When he allied himself with Sylla's enemies in the Senate.
(d) When he praised an enemy of Sylla's, named Marius, during the eulogy of Marius' wife.

2. How did Plutarch characterize Phocion's speech?
(a) "Few had ever said as much with a paucity of verbage."
(b) "Never had anyone said so much to so many with so few words."
(c) "...That even from his infancy, in his speech, his countenance, and all his childish pastimes, he discovered and inflexible temper,..."
(d) "...full of instruction, abounding in happy maxims and wise thoughts, but admitted no embellishment to its austere and commanding brevity."

3. How old does Plutarch claim Alexander to have been when Philip left him in charge of Macedon while he went on an expedition against Byzantine?
(a) 14.
(b) 20.
(c) 18.
(d) 16.

4. What came of Rome after Crassus died, according to Plutarch?
(a) It collapsed into a civil war between supporters of Caesar and Pompey.
(b) Caesar conspired to have Pompey assassinated.
(c) Pompey fled Rome out of fear of Caesar's desire to take total control.
(d) The Senate was split in its support for Caesar or Pompey.

5. What did Plutarch report to be the result of Cato's management of the exchequer?
(a) Cato filled it with treasure and made it appear the state might be rich without oppressing the people.
(b) Cato reduced taxes, but the senate was preoccupied with using the treasury for political favors.
(c) Cato served only briefly because of the corrupt expectations of the political system.
(d) Cato was inundated with dealing with corruption and faced down opposition.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who does Plutarch report ruled Rome in a Triumvirate while Cato served in the Senate?

2. What does Plutarch claim Aristotle provided that he considered, "...a perfect portable treasure of all military virtue and knowledge...."?

3. What are the character qualities Plutarch attributes to Cato from infancy?

4. With whom does Plutarch report Agis ruled over the Lacedaemonians?

5. In what hearing before the Senate did Cato first confront Caesar, according to Plutarch?

Short Essay Questions

1. What kind of commander did Plutarch consider Sertorius to be, and where did he fight and defeat Pompey?

2. What does Plutarch report came of the Athens military when the Athenian Assembly went against Phocion's recommendations not to enter a war with Philip of Macedon?

3. How did Plutarch claim Eumenes caught the attention of Philip?

4. How does Plutarch describe Alexander impressing his father by taming a horse?

5. How does Plutarch explain Agis' objectives affected the politics of Sparta?

6. According to Plutarch, why did Cato fall into disfavor with Caesar?

7. How does Plutarch claim Athenians responded when they falsely accused Phocion of treason and killed him after a mock trial?

8. Why did Plutarch consider Agesilaus a better general than Pompey?

9. What did Plutarch identify as the myth regarding Alexander's lineage that Plutarch suggested his mother, Olympus, might have spread?

10. Where does Plutarch report Caesar traveled to for conquests after he was elected as part of the Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus?

(see the answer keys)

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