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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What victory of Phocion over the Macedonians did Plutarch report as being that which earned the admiration of Philip, King of Macedon?
(a) The battle of Persia.
(b) The battle of Delphi.
(c) The battle of Chaeronaea.
(d) The battle for Euboea.

2. What did Plutarch report to be the difference between how the island allies of Athens treated other arriving Athenian admirals compared to their reception of Phocion?
(a) Islands were opened very freely to other admirals, but they feared Phocion's plundering ways.
(b) Other admirals were treated as an enemy suspect, but Phocion was greeted with private boats and barges with streamers and garlands.
(c) Other admirals were greeted with private boats and barges with streamers and garlands, but Phocion was treated as an enemy suspect.
(d) Other admirals were treated with ambivalence, but they regarded Phocion with tremendous fear.

3. How did Plutarch compare Sertorius and Eumenes in their views of war?
(a) Both Eumenes and Sertorius loved war.
(b) Both Eumenes hated the death of war, but loved the thrill of strategy.
(c) Eumenes naturally loved war, but Sertorius esteemed peace and tranquility.
(d) Both Eumenes and Sertorius esteemed peace and tranquility.

4. In what sort of activity did Eumenes get the attention of Philip of Macedon, according to Plutarch?
(a) Youth matches in Cardia.
(b) Breaking horses at a stable.
(c) Delivering speeches in his school.
(d) Working as a servant in Philip's palace.

5. What subject does Plutarch report Sertorius mastered as a youth?
(a) Mathematics.
(b) Grammar.
(c) Oratory.
(d) History.

6. How did Plutarch characterize Phocion's speech?
(a) "...full of instruction, abounding in happy maxims and wise thoughts, but admitted no embellishment to its austere and commanding brevity."
(b) "Few had ever said as much with a paucity of verbage."
(c) "...That even from his infancy, in his speech, his countenance, and all his childish pastimes, he discovered and inflexible temper,..."
(d) "Never had anyone said so much to so many with so few words."

7. What came of Rome after Crassus died, according to Plutarch?
(a) Pompey fled Rome out of fear of Caesar's desire to take total control.
(b) The Senate was split in its support for Caesar or Pompey.
(c) Caesar conspired to have Pompey assassinated.
(d) It collapsed into a civil war between supporters of Caesar and Pompey.

8. What are the character qualities Plutarch attributes to Cato from infancy?
(a) He had an inflexible temper, resolute in purpose, and not easily provoked to anger.
(b) He had an uncommon ability to retain knowledge.
(c) He had an influential rhetorical style that easily impressed audiences.
(d) He showed great sensitivity to women and plebes.

9. What does Plutarch report to be Phocion's retort when Athens began to celebrate the death of Philip of Macedon?
(a) He was ambivalent to the celebration but realized his soldiers needed the celebration after fighting a long war.
(b) He opposed the celebration and pointed out that the army that had defeated Athens was only diminished by a single man.
(c) He supported the celebration and recognized the tactical genius of Philip.
(d) He had no knowledge of the celebration as he had secluded himself after the victory.

10. Where does Plutarch report Alexander died?
(a) Babylon.
(b) Athens.
(c) Persia.
(d) India.

11. Who did Plutarch claim Agis had imprisoned and hanged?
(a) Leonidas.
(b) Leotychides.
(c) Agesilaus.
(d) Lysander.

12. Who were they, and what were the nationalities of Alexander's parents, according to Plutarch?
(a) Philip of Greece, and Potidaea of Rome.
(b) Eumens of Sparta, and Cleopatra of Persia.
(c) Philip of Macedon, and Olympia of Greece.
(d) Attalus of Macedon and Olympia of Greece.

13. How did Plutarch report Caesar lost his position as Dictator?
(a) He was challenged to war by Ptolemy, which Caesar lost.
(b) He was assassinated by a conspiracy led by Cassius and Marcus Brutus.
(c) An insurrection by soldiers stationed in Germany.
(d) The Roman Senate voted to exile Caesar for his many wars.

14. How did Plutarch compare Agesilaus and Pompey in their treatment of the men who supported their rise to power?
(a) Both Agesilaus and Pompey remained loyal to those who helped their careers.
(b) Pompey remained loyal to Sylla even through the years Sylla had withdrawn his favor, but Agesilaus cast off Lysander with reproach after he rose to power on Lysander's misinterpretation of prophesy.
(c) Agesilaus placed Lysander in an important province to honor his help whereas Pompey began making political connections so he could escape the influence of Sylla.
(d) Both Agesilaus and Pompey betrayed those who helped them through their careers.

15. What does Plutarch claim Aristotle provided that he considered, "...a perfect portable treasure of all military virtue and knowledge...."?
(a) Aristotle's collection of military histories.
(b) Aristotle's maps of important sites in Persia.
(c) Aristotle's writings regarding the proper training and preparation of soldiers.
(d) Aristotle's personally corrected copy of Homer's Illiads.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Agesilaus take the throne from his brother, Agis, according to Plutarch?

2. How did Plutarch claim Agis and Cleomenes incurred the hatred of the rich and powerful?

3. Who does Plutarch report ruled Rome in a Triumvirate while Cato served in the Senate?

4. What is the first similarity that Plutarch recognized between Sertorius and Eumenes?

5. What is a major difference between Sertorius and Eumenes that Plutarch recognized?

(see the answer keys)

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