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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Alexander show favor to Eumenes, according to Plutarch?
(a) By arranging Eumenes' marriage to the sister of his wife.
(b) By making Eumenes his spear carrier.
(c) By allowing Eumenes to train the royal horses.
(d) By employing Eumenes in the palace.

2. What does Plutarch declare to be the condition of men in public life?
(a) "Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power."
(b) "You see what power is--holding someone else's fear in your hand and showing it to them."
(c) "There is danger from all men. The only maxim of a free government ought to be to trust no man living with power to endangerment of the public liberty.
(d) "...(They) are content to make themselves the slaves and followers of all the people's humors and caprices."

3. What five qualities does Plutarch claim that Sertorius possessed in greater qualities than the other generals to whom Plutarch compared him?
(a) Contentment, faithfulness, mercy, prudence and judgment.
(b) Ferocity, integrity, honesty, nobility, and courage.
(c) Nobility, mercy honesty, faithfulness, and humility.
(d) Bravery, wisdom, frugality, humility, and foresightedness.

4. What does Plutarch claim caused Caesar and Pompey to become rivals for power?
(a) The rivalry between Pompey's father and Caesar's family.
(b) Crassus' death.
(c) Pompey's alliance with Crassus.
(d) Pompey's defeat to Sertorius in Spain.

5. Who did Phocion advise Alexander to make war against rather than the Athenians, according to Plutarch?
(a) The Spartans.
(b) The Indians.
(c) The Romans.
(d) The Persians.

6. Who does Plutarch report commissioned Caesar to travel to Spain?
(a) Crassus, who was the richest man in Rome.
(b) Cato, who saw the value of expanding the empire.
(c) Pompey, who knew he needed Caesar's help.
(d) Cassius, who desired to remove Caesar's influence from the Senate.

7. What battle against Macedon, according to Plutarch, that Phocion warned against taking that the Athenians lost under a different general?
(a) The battle of Delphi.
(b) The battle of Persia.
(c) The battle at Chaeronea.
(d) The battle for Euboea.

8. How did Plutarch compare Sertorius and Eumenes in their views of war?
(a) Both Eumenes hated the death of war, but loved the thrill of strategy.
(b) Eumenes naturally loved war, but Sertorius esteemed peace and tranquility.
(c) Both Eumenes and Sertorius loved war.
(d) Both Eumenes and Sertorius esteemed peace and tranquility.

9. What Roman political leader does Plutarch claim was a friend to Cato's family?
(a) Pompey.
(b) Sertorius.
(c) Sylla.
(d) Caesar.

10. In what hearing before the Senate did Cato first confront Caesar, according to Plutarch?
(a) The hearing to determine the fate of Lentulus and Cethegus who were discovered by Cicero to be conspiring to overthrow the Empire.
(b) The hearing of the conspirators with Cataline.
(c) The hearing during which Crassus and Pompey were announced in the Triumvirate with Caesar.
(d) The hearing for distributing land to homeless soldiers.

11. How did Plutarch report Caesar lost his position as Dictator?
(a) An insurrection by soldiers stationed in Germany.
(b) He was challenged to war by Ptolemy, which Caesar lost.
(c) The Roman Senate voted to exile Caesar for his many wars.
(d) He was assassinated by a conspiracy led by Cassius and Marcus Brutus.

12. What did Plutarch report to be the difference between how the island allies of Athens treated other arriving Athenian admirals compared to their reception of Phocion?
(a) Islands were opened very freely to other admirals, but they feared Phocion's plundering ways.
(b) Other admirals were greeted with private boats and barges with streamers and garlands, but Phocion was treated as an enemy suspect.
(c) Other admirals were treated with ambivalence, but they regarded Phocion with tremendous fear.
(d) Other admirals were treated as an enemy suspect, but Phocion was greeted with private boats and barges with streamers and garlands.

13. What does Plutarch report to be the joke that Neoptoleumus, captain of Alexander's lifeguard, told of Eumenes?
(a) That Eumemes' battles were always fiercer on paper than they were in the field.
(b) That other armies train with swords, but Ememes' army trains with parchment.
(c) That Alexander fought with soldiers, but Eumenes fought with words.
(d) That he had followed Alexander with shield and spear, but Eumenes only with pen and paper.

14. What was a political hurdle that Plutarch claimed Pompey had to overcome?
(a) He was a rival to Caesar.
(b) His father, Strabo, was so reviled by the Romans that they desecrated his body after his death.
(c) Pompey was not respected after he lost battles in Spain.
(d) He was a rival to Crassus.

15. Who did Plutarch claim Agis had imprisoned and hanged?
(a) Leonidas.
(b) Agesilaus.
(c) Lysander.
(d) Leotychides.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who does Plutarch report ruled Rome in a Triumvirate while Cato served in the Senate?

2. How did the master of Rome prior to Caesar's reign make himself an enemy to Caesar, according to Plutarch?

3. Why does Plutarch suggest that Cleomenes eliminated the office of ephors from Spartan Government?

4. What does Plutarch report to be Phocion's retort when Athens began to celebrate the death of Philip of Macedon?

5. What question, according to Plutarch, did Cato ask his guardian, Sarpedon, as he watched executions that were ordered by the Roman political leader?

(see the answer keys)

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