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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did the separation of Alexander from Philip affect his reign over Philip's empire, according to Plutarch?
(a) Alexander purged his government of all officials that were named by his father.
(b) Alexander chose to spread Greek culture through his captured lands rather than Macedonian culture.
(c) Alexander moved the capital of Macedon to Athens.
(d) Alexander rejected all of Philip's military tactics and found new generals.

2. What question, according to Plutarch, did Cato ask his guardian, Sarpedon, as he watched executions that were ordered by the Roman political leader?
(a) "What law brings this type of justice?"
(b) "Why does nobody kill this man?"
(c) "What leader would cause this horror?"
(d) "Is this the only justice for these criminals?"

3. There were 12 Roman Caesar's. Which one is Plutarch chronicling?
(a) The first Caesar, Gaius Julius Caesar.
(b) Caesar Augustus.
(c) Tiberius Caesar.
(d) Octavious Caesar.

4. How did Plutarch claim Agis and Cleomenes incurred the hatred of the rich and powerful?
(a) By taxing them to support homeless soldiers.
(b) By inciting the working class to take their property.
(c) By taking their laborers from them to fight in wars.
(d) By being desirous to restore the noble and just form of government.

5. What came of Rome after Crassus died, according to Plutarch?
(a) The Senate was split in its support for Caesar or Pompey.
(b) Caesar conspired to have Pompey assassinated.
(c) Pompey fled Rome out of fear of Caesar's desire to take total control.
(d) It collapsed into a civil war between supporters of Caesar and Pompey.

6. According to Plutarch, what eventually led to Alexander and his mother, Olympia, separating from Philip to become his rivals?
(a) Philip's drunken display at the wedding of one of his nieces.
(b) Philip's many marriages.
(c) Philip's humiliating defeat against the Spartans.
(d) Philip's squandering the family wealth on horses and soldiers.

7. Who does Plutarch report ruled Rome in a Triumvirate while Cato served in the Senate?
(a) Sertorius, Brutus, and Cassius.
(b) Tiberius, Cicero, and Caius.
(c) Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.
(d) Brutus, Octavius, and Antony.

8. According to Plutarch's report, how did Phocion become general more than 45 times?
(a) He subverted the commands of many generals.
(b) He was willing to fight for any kingdom that desired his services.
(c) He sold his services to many land owners who needed protection.
(d) He was elected to lead the armies by free election.

9. Why does Plutarch use the name, "Cato the Younger"?
(a) Because he also wrote of the grandfather, who's name was also Cato.
(b) Because he had a half brother also named Cato.
(c) Because he was the youngest leader in Rome.
(d) Because he was one of two Catos serving in the Roman Senate.

10. What does Plutarch claim Caesar chose to do while Sylla's power reached its peak?
(a) He joined a conspiracy with Brutus and Cassius to assassinate Sylla.
(b) He contended with Caesar's power in the Senate.
(c) He left Rome in exile.
(d) He gathered forces to challenge Sylla with a civil war.

11. What was the most notable sign that Plutarch suggests that proves Caesar had begun to win popular support to challenge Sylla?
(a) When he praised an enemy of Sylla's, named Marius, during the eulogy of Marius' wife.
(b) When he challenged Sylla's hold on power directly in the Senate.
(c) When he took possession of a field owned by Sylla.
(d) When he allied himself with Sylla's enemies in the Senate.

12. How did Plutarch report Caesar lost his position as Dictator?
(a) An insurrection by soldiers stationed in Germany.
(b) He was assassinated by a conspiracy led by Cassius and Marcus Brutus.
(c) He was challenged to war by Ptolemy, which Caesar lost.
(d) The Roman Senate voted to exile Caesar for his many wars.

13. Who did Phocion advise Alexander to make war against rather than the Athenians, according to Plutarch?
(a) The Persians.
(b) The Romans.
(c) The Spartans.
(d) The Indians.

14. Who was the Persian King that Plutarch reported Alexander defeated on his expedition to India?
(a) Hercules.
(b) Philip.
(c) Darius.
(d) Antipater.

15. What did Plutarch report to be Agesilaus' physical deformity?
(a) He was blind.
(b) He had only one eye.
(c) He had a lame hand.
(d) He had one leg shorter than the other.

Short Answer Questions

1. What five qualities does Plutarch claim that Sertorius possessed in greater qualities than the other generals to whom Plutarch compared him?

2. With whom did Pompey ally himself to overcome the reputation of his father, and who did Plutarch report they oppose in a civil conflict for power over Rome?

3. What did Plutarch report to be the difference between how the island allies of Athens treated other arriving Athenian admirals compared to their reception of Phocion?

4. Who does Plutarch report to be the master of Rome before Caesar came to power?

5. Who does Plutarch report took in Cato and his siblings after they were orphaned, and for what was this person known?

(see the answer keys)

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