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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 3, Shamanism and States of Consciousness.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What do various cultures report noticing the shaman give off when in a shamanic state of consciousness?
(a) Rhythmic sounds.
(b) An unusually sweet aroma.
(c) A highly directional beam of light, like a laser.
(d) Light in a halo effect.

2. What does the author encounter when he drinks maikua?
(a) Beloved pets he knew as a child.
(b) Winged benevolent beings.
(c) Dangerous creatures.
(d) A frightening emptiness.

3. Harner explains that some shamanic students report using caves as:
(a) Hiding places.
(b) Sensory deprivation stations.
(c) Portals.
(d) Sanctuaries.

4. How old is shamanism estimated to be?
(a) Approximately 12,000 years old.
(b) No one can even guess.
(c) At least 20,000 to 30,000 years old.
(d) Less than 3,000 years old.

5. Apprentice shamans sometimes report to Harner that they:
(a) Panic during the experience.
(b) See loved ones who have passed on.
(c) Morph into other forms.
(d) Feel a sense of endless falling.

Short Answer Questions

1. Harner asserts that shamanism has advanced in areas without technological innovations because:

2. What does Harner compare his near-death experience with the Conibo to?

3. According to the author, who has a guardian spirit, whether recognized or not?

4. What happens in the state a shaman reaches, known as a type of ecstasy?

5. The author shows that all religious traditions share:

(see the answer key)

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