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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Spencer label as the art of methodical self-confusion?
(a) scientology
(b) psychology
(c) metaphysics
(d) frenology

2. What does Nietzsche he write about in Thus Spake Zarathustra?
(a) Buddha
(b) Zoroaster
(c) Confucius
(d) Ra-Aman

3. What does Bergson see as active forces in evolution?
(a) time and space
(b) impulse and desire
(c) work and leisure
(d) opportunity and conditionality

4. How is Nietzsche found after he suffers a fit of apoplexy?
(a) sitting in a tub of cold water
(b) mad, playing the piano, singing and crying
(c) wandering aimlessly on the streets
(d) locked in his bedroom

5. What work of Spencer's theorizes that all ultimate religious ideas eventually become logically inconceivable?
(a) Origin of species
(b) First Principles
(c) Voyage of the Beagle
(d) Evolution of Life

6. What is the irony of Kant's quiet Prussian life relative to Voltaire's Parisian life?
(a) both of them get into trouble with their governments
(b) both of them live in exile
(c) both of them become quite wealthy
(d) both of them lack credibility in their day

7. What does Schopenhauer see as the cause of strife and misery?
(a) ideas
(b) the will
(c) religion
(d) wars

8. What is Schopenhauer's masterpiece?
(a) The Idea of the World
(b) The Fall of Rome
(c) The World as Will and Idea
(d) The Will of Man

9. To what does Spencer conclude the same principles of evolution in biology also apply?
(a) philosophy
(b) religion
(c) metaphysics
(d) all sciences

10. What bold denial of Kant's is based on reduction of religion to moral faith and hope?
(a) the denial of pantheology
(b) the denial of rational theology
(c) the denial of logical theology
(d) the denial of inspired theology

11. What rouses the world from dogmatism?
(a) Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
(b) Voltaire's Candide
(c) Francis Bacon's Essays
(d) the philosophy of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume

12. What does Kant call knowledge that is independent of sense-experience and whose truth is certain before experience?
(a) evolution of concepts
(b) necessary and non-experiential
(c) a priori
(d) the original sense of connoting sensation

13. What does Schopenhauer suggest is a deception of nature that disillusions?
(a) love and marriage
(b) beauty and happiness
(c) education and marriage
(d) marriage and happiness

14. What contemporary philosophers does Durant discuss in this chapter?
(a) Descarte and Molier
(b) Edgar Cayce and Roger Miller
(c) Churchill and Washington Irving
(d) Bergson, Croce and Bertrand Russell

15. What concept does Spencer share with Schopenhauer?
(a) everything is chaos
(b) human effort is futile
(c) reality cannot be determined
(d) philosophy is an illusion

Short Answer Questions

1. How does the German Bismarck eliminate Europe's delusions, democracy, and ideals?

2. In what work does Spencer freely express his best ideas with suggestive generalization and political philosophy?

3. What does Spencer affirm that needs centralization, government power, apathy and individual subordination?

4. Without what does Kant say sensations cannot become perceptions?

5. What is needed by a strong man who seeks intensity and experience at the cost of tragic woe?

(see the answer keys)

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