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1. Describe the philosophers before Socrates, Plato, and aristotle.

The first Greek philosophers are astronomers. Other early philosophers like Democritus, Epicurus and Lucretius study atoms and space and are called materialists.

2. Who are the students of Socrates?

Socrates teaches a mixed group of young learned men--their work becomes the root of European philosophy. They include rich and poor, socialists and anarchists who walk with Socrates challenging their words.

3. How does Plato state the cause of political problems in the world?

Political problems continue because man is not content with a simple life. Greed and luxury drive man to be acquisitive, ambitious, competitive, and jealous.

4. How does Plato differentiate between emotion and knowledge?

Emotion has spirit, ambition, and courage. Knowledge takes in thought, intellect, and reason.

5. Briefly describe Plato's ideal rulers.

Philosopher-kings are schooled in cultural wisdom and business. Elites are not thieves since they own only necessities and own no private property. They live a pure communist life with fixed income, common meals and lifestyle.

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