"Learning from the Indian," Viva: Northern New Mexico's Sunday Magazine (9 July 1972): 2; "Figments of Sancho Panza's Imagination," Viva: Northern New Mexico's Sunday Magazine (31 December 1972): 2; "Finding a Need for Nature," Viva: North...

NABATEAN RELIGION. The scholarly consensus is that the Nabateans, whose kingdom flourished from about 400 BCE to 106 CE and whose capital was Petra in Jordan, were in part the descendants of the earlier inhabitants of southern Jordan, thou...

NABU was a god, possibly of West Semitic origin, who became a major divine figure in Babylonia and Assyria of the first millennium BCE. He is first mentioned in official Babylonian documents of the time of Hammurabi (c. 1760 BCE) and may h...

Nachman Kohen Krochmal (1785-1840) was the first Jewish historian to treat Jewish history as an integral part of all human history. When Nachman Krochmal was born at Brody, Galicia, Poland, on Feb. 17, 1785, the Age of Enlightenment was re...

NAG HAMMADI. Unearthed in 1945 by a group of Egyptians digging for fertilizer, the so-called Nag Hammadi codices were one of the most important manuscript discoveries of the twentieth century for the study of religion in the late ancient M...

(2001 est. pop. 2 million). Since 1963 a state in India's northeastern corner bordering Myanmar (Burma), Nagaland has an area of 15,579 square kilometers and is inhabited by sixteen major and twenty minor ethnic groups, all called N...

NĀGĀRJUNA, best known as the first Mahāyāna philosopher in India, is a highly complex figure whose philosophical works, iconic image, and esoteric meditations are studied, honored, and practiced in many Mah
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Nagauta (long poems or songs) is the dominant musical form for the Kabuki theatre and depicts the various poetic descriptions of the dance and scenes. The early dances of Kabuki were accompanied by kouta (short songs). Nagauta developed du...

Established in 1926 in Surabaya, Indonesia, by K. H. Muhammad Hasyim Asy'ari (1871–1947), the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is one of the largest socioreligious organizations in the country. It aims at promoting solidarity between tra...

NAHUATL RELIGION. The speakers of Nahuatl dialects compose the largest group of indigenous people in Mexico. Numbering about 800,000, they live primarily in the Federal District and the states of México, Morelos, Puebla, Tlaxcala, G...

The earliest nails were probably made in the Middle East about 5,000 years ago. Metal was heated and then pounded into the desired shape. Making nails by hand, one nail at a time, continued as the method of production until the 1700s. The ...

(2002 est. pop. 563,000). Also known as Mashhad ʿAli, al-Najaf is one of the holiest cities of Shiʿa Islam. It is located in Central Iraq, a few kilometers west of the Euphrates River near Kufa. Prior to their expulsion duri...

Found in the membranes of all animal cells, the sodium-potassium pump is a protein complex used to transport potassium ions (K+) into the cell and sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell. For every three Na+ the pump sends out of the cell, two K...

(2002 pop. 210,000). Nakhon Ratchasima city, also known as Khorat, is situated in northeastern Thailand 177 kilometers north of Bangkok. It is located in the second largest province in the nation. Nakhon Ratchasima is the provincial capita...

Naloxone is an OPIOID ANTOGONIST (i.e., a blocker of morphine-like agents) commonly used to reverse the actions of drugs such as morphine. In the early 1990s, it was the treatment of choice for reversing the life-threatening effects of opi...

NAẒẒĀM, AL-. Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār al-Naẓẓām (c. AH 165–221/c. 782–836 CE) was an early Muslim theologian of the rationalist Muʿ...

Nambaryn EnkhbayarPrime Minister (pronounced "Nam-bar-EEN en-kah-bye-YAHR") "The government of Mongolia will press forward democracy and market reforms…This is a duty." Mongolia is a large landlocked...

A religious hypocrisy, Name of The Rose was directed by Jean Jacques Annaud and produced by 20th Century Fox. The main characters are Brother William of Baskerville and, his novice, Adso. The other characters are the Abbott, a peasant gir...

(2001 est. pop. 645,000). Namp'o (Chinnampo) is a major port and industrial city on the west coast of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). The city is 55 kilometers southwest of Pyongyang and 8 kilometers ...

Cartwright, Nancy(1944–) Nancy Cartwright, as of 2005, held several academic positions, including professor of philosophy in the Department of Philosophy, Logic, and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics (since 1991); ...

There is a cliché in American culture that men are principally interested in sex, while women are mostly concerned with love. In helping to debunk this myth, Nancy Friday has performed an invaluable national service. She is one of the...

Most people who watch Nancy Kerrigan skate think she looks like a fairy princess because she moves with such style and grace. What people do not know about her, however, is that she is a tough competitor willing to work hard to achieve her...

Born c. 1744North Carolina or PennsylvaniaDied c. 1841Henderson County, Kentucky Farmer, spy Legend has it that Nancy Morgan Hart captured British soldiers during the American Revolution, then sang the words to "Yankee Doodle"...