I AM. The "I AM" Religious Activity emerged in the 1930s as a major new representative of the Western Esoteric tradition, drawing most of its theology and imagery directly from the Theosophical Society. It subsequently gave b...

I, Claudius by Robert Graves Born in Wimbledon, England, in 1895, Robert Graves was the son of a schoolmaster who was also a poet and songwriter. Graves attended Charterhouse, a British public school (the equivalent of an American private s...

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister who conducted a speech from the steps of the Lincoln memorial in front of thousands of people. As he pleaded for equality through his "I have a dream speech", both blacks and whites were ins...

Although Marguerite Johnson experiences an amazingly difficult childhood where she is often displaced and even raped at a young age, she is able to somehow overcome these adversities and succeed in life. One would wonder how much psycho...

I Love Lucy is, without question, the most popular and influential television comedy of all time. Since it's debut on CBS on October 15, 1951, the show has been translated into almost every language in the world and has run continuo...

The popular NBC network program, I Spy ran for three years from 1965 to 1968. Arriving in the wake of the James Bond phenomenon in the mid-1960s, it was one of several American television series of the period whose fantastic plots revolved...

I Was a Teenage Werewolf is generally considered the first of a genre of horror films targeting teenage audiences. The birth of this genre can be attributed to television, drive-in theaters, and the rise of suburbia. Because adults in the ...

Chinese-American architect, I. M. Pei (born 1917), directed for nearly 40 years one of the most successful architectural practices in the United States. Known for his dramatic use of concrete and glass, Pei counted among his most famous bu...

fl. c. 320 Syrian philosopher whose work emphasized the mystical aspects of Pythagorean number theory. According to Iamblichus, Pythagoras (c. 580-c. 500 B.C.) himself had discovered "amicable" numbers, pairs in which each is...

lan Fleming was the creator of James Bond, the most popular hero of espionage fiction in the late 1950s and the 1960s. Bond, whose name still suggests a certain type of spy-hero—sophisticated, sexy, glamorously dangerous—is par...

Ian Wilmut (born 1944) was a quiet unassuming British embryologist who worked to improve the productivity of farm animals. By February 1997, he had shocked the scientific community by successfully cloning the first mammal from the DNA of a...

(2002 est. pop. 3.1 million). Ibaraki Prefecture is situated in the central region of Japan's island of Honshu, where it occupies an area of 6,095 square kilometers. Ibaraki's main geographical features are the Abukuma and Ya...

To introduce a Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking perspective on science, technology, and ethics is difficult and somewhat artificial. From the beginning it must be acknowledged that Spain and Portugal on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe toge...

International Business Machines (IBM) is a global producer of computers and computer related products. IBM is a global leader in creating, developing, and manufacturing the most advanced information technology, computer systems, software, ...

IBN ʿAṬĀʾ ALLĀH (AH c. 650–709, c. 1252–1309 CE), more fully Ahmād ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn ʿAṭā Allāh al-Iskandarī, ...

IBN AL-ʿARABĪ (1165–1240 CE), known throughout the Islamic world simply as the "greatest master" (al-Shaykh al-akbar), is acknowledged to be one of the most important spiritual teachers within the mystica...

1256-1321 Arab mathematician and astronomer who was the first to treat a fraction as a ratio of two numbers, and the first to use the term almanac (al-manakh, or "weather," in Arabic) for a book of astronomical data. Al-Banna...

The Arab physicist, astronomer, and mathematician Abu 'Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham (ca. 966-1039), or Alhazen, established the theory of vision that prevailed till the 17th century. He also defended a theory of the physical reality of Ptol...

Known in the Latin West as Avempace, the ill-fated philosopher Ibn Bajja remains somewhat mysterious. It is not known exactly when and where he was born, and there are gaps in his biography. He had an extensive knowledge of medicine and in...

IBN DAUD, AVRAHAM (1110–1180), known in rabbinic texts by the acronym RABaD I (Rabbi Avraham ben David), to distinguish him from Rabad II, Avraham ben Yitsḥaq of Narbonne, and Rabad III, Avraham ben David of Posquières...

IBN GABIROL, SHELOMOH (c. 1021–1058), known in Latin texts as Avicebron, Avencebrol, and Avicembron; Jewish poet and the first Jewish philosopher in Spain. Ibn Gabirol was born in Malaga, was raised in Saragossa, and died in Valenci...

Abu Muhammad Ali ibn Hazm (994-1064) was a Spanish-born Arab theologian, philosopher, and jurist whose most important work was a book on comparative religious history. Ibn Hazm was born in Cordova. His father, who was chief minister at the...