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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Berger et al., why does ordinary life have more meaning when recorded on a canvas?

2. What is evident when comparing the two images "Sarah Burge, 1883. Dr Barnardo's Homes" and " Peasant Boy Leaning on Sill"?

3. What does Nattier's "Mademoiselle de Clermonte" depict?

4. Which subject is accorded with the highest prestige?

5. Until approximately what date does the period of traditional oil painting run through?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Courbet's two paintings, reproduced in Chapter 6 on facing pages 124 and 125, titled "Girl in White Stockings" and "Demoiselles au bord de la Seine" illustrate two distinct styles of his work?

2. Chapter 5 begins with an oil painting showing several items contemporaneous with the Dutch school in 1665. Describe the painting and the objects it depicts.

3. Describe how Holbein's work "The Ambassadors" is typical of traditional oil paintings and the manner of presenting the subjects, as explained by the authors.

4. Describe Couture's eighteenth century painting "A Roman Feast", and explain how it plays into the other images on the facing page.

5. In Chapter 4, explain what interconnections can be made between the images of death on pages 68 and 69, and the images of food, wine, and the hunt on pages 70 and 71.

6. Explain how the pairs of paintings and photographs in Chapter 6 on pages 126 and 127 complement each other.

7. According to Berger et al., how do traditional oil paintings perpetuate the wealth and power of the ruling class?

8. What is the significance of the images on pages 120 and 121 that depict family and other social groupings of common, ordinary daily life?

9. Describe the mood of the collection of religious iconic images presented in Chapter 4 on pages 66 and 67.

10. How is Ford Madox Brown's nineteenth century painting titled "The Pretty Baa Lambs" slightly humorous against the other images on pages 66 and 67?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Berger et al. propose the metaphor that traditional European oil painting is a wall safe into which the ways of seeing are deposited. Write an essay with the following parts.

Part 1 - Explain this metaphor made by Berger et al.

Part 2 - Compare the metaphor of Berger et al. to the classic metaphor that oil painting is a window unto the world.

Part 3 - Explain your opinion: Do you agree with the metaphor of Berger et al.? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

Explain the development of the singular eye of perspective with the following three-part essay.

Part 1 - Explain Berger et al.'s metaphor of the lighthouse beacon.

Part 2 - Describe how the singular eye of perspective shapes the way viewers can see a sight.

Part 3 - Explain how the invention of the camera changed the singular eye of perspective, and describe its consequences on the art world.

Essay Topic 3

Write an essay to define and describe the term "publicity image." Complete the following three parts in your essay.

Part 1 - Describe the authors' definition of publicity images and their use in society.

Part 2 - Explain how and why the term "visual message" is used interchangeably with "publicity image."

Part 3 - Define and describe "publicity image" in your own words.

(see the answer keys)

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