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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. After the period of traditional oil paintings, what medium becomes the primary form of visual imagery?

2. What could be said about the contents of Chapter 4?

3. Which of the following is the title of a painting on pages 72 and 73?

4. What tends to be the central figure(s) in the images presented in Chapter 4 on pages 66 and 67?

5. What is the purpose of the paired images on pages 126 and 127?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the images of death in Chapter 4 on pages 68 and 69, and name some of the specific paintings.

2. Describe the difference in the artist portrayal of a portrait versus a self-portrait.

3. In Chapter 6, explain how facing pages 116 and 117 return to Blake's theme of Africa and America supporting Europe.

4. Describe the painting "Europe supported by Africa and America" by William Blake, and propose the message the artist is sending through the work.

5. Chapter 5 begins with an oil painting showing several items contemporaneous with the Dutch school in 1665. Describe the painting and the objects it depicts.

6. What is the significance of the images on pages 120 and 121 that depict family and other social groupings of common, ordinary daily life?

7. How does Courbet's two paintings, reproduced in Chapter 6 on facing pages 124 and 125, titled "Girl in White Stockings" and "Demoiselles au bord de la Seine" illustrate two distinct styles of his work?

8. Explain how the pairs of paintings and photographs in Chapter 6 on pages 126 and 127 complement each other.

9. In Chapter 4, explain what interconnections can be made between the images of death on pages 68 and 69, and the images of food, wine, and the hunt on pages 70 and 71.

10. How is the meaning of the images in Chapter 6 on pages 120 and 121, that depict daily life, of any significance?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Write the following three-part essay to explain how individuals have different ways of seeing.

Part 1 - Describe what the authors mean by "ways of seeing."

Part 2 - Describe why individuals all have different ways of seeing.

Part 3 - Give some examples that demonstrate how individuals have different ways of seeing.

Essay Topic 2

Describe the difference between naked and nude while answering the following questions. What are some traditional definitions of naked and nude? What do Berger et al. propose as the difference between naked and nude? How are nudes really just objectified figures?

Essay Topic 3

Berger et al. propose the metaphor that traditional European oil painting is a wall safe into which the ways of seeing are deposited. Write an essay with the following parts.

Part 1 - Explain this metaphor made by Berger et al.

Part 2 - Compare the metaphor of Berger et al. to the classic metaphor that oil painting is a window unto the world.

Part 3 - Explain your opinion: Do you agree with the metaphor of Berger et al.? Why or why not?

(see the answer keys)

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