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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What affect does a title have on a painting's meaning?

2. In Chapter 2, what are the authors trying to demonstrate with the images on pages 40 and 41?

3. What has happened to the meaning of the images on pages 40 and 41?

4. How can a work of art lose its mystification?

5. Where is the spectator located when a work of art uses the single eye perspective?

Short Essay Questions

1. In Chapter 2, pages 42 and 43, how do the women in the images appear to men in the images?

2. According to Berger et al., how can the story of Adam and Eve explain the shamefulness associated with being naked?

3. Describe the metaphor of the lighthouse and the single eye of perspective.

4. Describe the general mood of the collection of images on pages 42 and 43.

5. How does the value of the original painting change after it has been reproduced many times?

6. Describe the differences between the collection of images on pages 36 and 37, and the collection of images on pages 38 and 39.

7. Describe how Bronzino's painting of Cupid kissing the lips of Venus shows that nudity is created with a spectator in mind.

8. Explain how, according to the authors, a woman continually sees and is seen by herself as two parts of one female identity.

9. What is the purpose of mixing images of foodstuffs with images of females in various stages of undress?

10. Explain how the commission by Frans Hals could easily be misunderstood by the modern viewer.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Write an essay to compare the techniques of traditional oil painting and early photographic techniques. In your writing, cover the following questions. Which techniques are better at exposing details in the subject? Which technique gives more life to a subject? What affect does early photography have on oil painting? Give an example from the text that compares an oil painting to early photography, and describe the obvious differences that appear to the viewer.

Essay Topic 2

Write an essay to describe how works of art from the past mystify viewers in the present. Answer the following questions in your writing. Where do the viewers see themselves when they observe a work of art from the past? What depictions are easily misinterpreted from historical art works? Do you think that viewers in the present see the same sight as viewers from the past when they look at a work of art from the past? Support your reasoning.

Essay Topic 3

Explain the psychology of publicity images and modern consumerism according to Berger et al. and compare that to the authors' explanation of the spectator-owner versus the spectator-buyer psychology associated with European oil paintings.

(see the answer keys)

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