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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the difference between nude and naked as stated by the authors?
(a) Naked means being ashamed of not wearing clothes, but nude is being confident of not wearing clothes.
(b) Naked is to be without clothes and nude is a naked woman.
(c) Nude is a work of art depicting a naked person.
(d) Naked is to be without clothes, but nude is to be naked as an object to view.

2. After reproductions are made, an original work of art is unique only in its what?
(a) Rarity.
(b) Interpretation.
(c) Meaning.
(d) Composition.

3. Why can every viewer see a painting in a different way?
(a) Each viewer sees a painting based on their prior experiences and expectations.
(b) All viewers have different eyesight abilities.
(c) Every viewer has a different color preference.
(d) Viewers have a variety of education levels in art history.

4. What painting by Ruben is included in pages 42 and 43?
(a) "Abstract female nude."
(b) "Bathsheba at Her Bath."
(c) "Birds flying from haystack."
(d) "Judgement of Paris."

5. What do Berger et al. say about the portrayal of naked women in early European oil paintings?
(a) That paintings of nudes should not be reproduced.
(b) That they need to balance the number of male and female nudes in a painting.
(c) That paintings of nudes are shameful in any culture.
(d) That they should not turn a naked body into an object for display.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Berger et al. claim that a woman's presence is to a man?

2. What does the traditional depiction of Adam and Eve project as the perception of being naked?

3. In Chapter 2, what are the authors trying to demonstrate with the images on pages 40 and 41?

4. What is visual art originally made for?

5. According to the authors, what is a woman's internal presence comprised of?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe how the single eye of perspective changes with the invention of the camera.

2. Describe how men and women are different social presences, according to Berger et al.

3. Describe the metaphor of the lighthouse and the single eye of perspective.

4. Describe how Bronzino's painting of Cupid kissing the lips of Venus shows that nudity is created with a spectator in mind.

5. Describe how Berger et al. interpret the image of a nude women gazing in a mirror.

6. Explain how an image is a record of a sight.

7. What is similar in all of the images in Chapter 2 on pages 36 and 37?

8. In Chapter 2, pages 42 and 43, how do the women in the images appear to men in the images?

9. What happens to the meaning of a painting when many reproductions are made?

10. What is the purpose of mixing images of foodstuffs with images of females in various stages of undress?

(see the answer keys)

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