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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In Chapter 2, what are the authors trying to demonstrate with the images on pages 40 and 41?
(a) That the combination of text and image can create a very powerful and intentional meaning.
(b) That mixing images of formal portraits and self-portraits defines the unique qualities of each.
(c) That mixing images of men and women defines the unique qualities of each.
(d) That the combination of photographs and paintings creates a contrast similar to realism and abstract painting.

2. What do Berger et al. say about the portrayal of naked women in early European oil paintings?
(a) That paintings of nudes are shameful in any culture.
(b) That they need to balance the number of male and female nudes in a painting.
(c) That paintings of nudes should not be reproduced.
(d) That they should not turn a naked body into an object for display.

3. How can a work of art lose its mystification?
(a) By changing the title for more modern viewers.
(b) By making multiple uses of its reproductions.
(c) By taking the work out of the context of the past.
(d) By creating too many written commentaries by critics.

4. In Chapter 2, what do facing pages 40 and 41 contain?
(a) Advertising slogans.
(b) Males viewing female nudes in oil paintings.
(c) Publicity images.
(d) Female nudes in oil paintings.

5. Why can every viewer see a painting in a different way?
(a) Each viewer sees a painting based on their prior experiences and expectations.
(b) Every viewer has a different color preference.
(c) All viewers have different eyesight abilities.
(d) Viewers have a variety of education levels in art history.

Short Answer Questions

1. The author proposes that there is a gap between what two concepts?

2. What is visual art originally made for?

3. Which phrase describes Magritte's painting "The Key of Dreams"?

4. What does the traditional depiction of Adam and Eve project as the perception of being naked?

5. Which is a traditional object used in covering the figures in nude paintings?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does the value of the original painting change after it has been reproduced many times?

2. Describe how the single eye of perspective changes with the invention of the camera.

3. In Chapter 2, pages 42 and 43, how do the women in the images appear to men in the images?

4. What do you think is the overall mood of the collection of images in Chapter 2 on pages 38 and 39?

5. Describe the general mood of the collection of images on pages 42 and 43.

6. What is similar in all of the images in Chapter 2 on pages 36 and 37?

7. Explain how the commission by Frans Hals could easily be misunderstood by the modern viewer.

8. Explain how the women in the images are viewed by the men in the images on pages 36 and 37.

9. What is the purpose of mixing images of foodstuffs with images of females in various stages of undress?

10. Describe how Bronzino's painting of Cupid kissing the lips of Venus shows that nudity is created with a spectator in mind.

(see the answer keys)

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