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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did La Scienza Nuova examine?

2. Where did Robert Owen work?

3. How does Edmund Wilson characterize for Taine the difference between history and science?

4. Why was Michelet suspended from his teaching post?

5. How old was Anatole France at the time of the Commune?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the evolution of Marx's philosophical thinking.

2. Compare Renan and Taine.

3. Describe Babeuf's early career.

4. What was Michelet's later career like?

5. How was Saint-Simon representative of the new breed of intellectual in the 19th-century?

6. Describe Owen's background and career.

7. What does Edmund Wilson say about communes in America?

8. What was Renan's view of society?

9. What reforms did Saint-Simon want to institute?

10. What opinions were shared by Fourier and Owen?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Which thinkers embraced Marx's work enthusiastically? Which thinkers reject his work? Describe one thinker who embraced Marx and another who rejected his work. Explain what their relationship with Marx says about their philosophies.

Essay Topic 2

What was the role of education in the development of the theories that led to the Russian Revolution? Were thinkers taught in schools? In communes? What organizations fostered the growth and spread of communism? Which organizations resisted the spread of the ideology with other ideology?

Essay Topic 3

What changes in European and Russian cultures created ripe conditions for the socialist thought that led from Hegel to Michelet and, ultimately, to Lenin? Was it industrialism, or was it economic transition itself?

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This section contains 715 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) View a FREE sample