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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Fourier and Owen believe about the role of government?

2. What were Michelet's other books like after his History of France?

3. What organization did Michelet want to create?

4. According to the author, Michelet's writings would reappear ___________.

5. How does Edmund Wilson contrast Taine with Renan?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Edmund Wilson say about communes in America?

2. How were Owen's communes organized?

3. Why did Marx leave Germany?

4. What intellectual tradition had Michelet inherited from the Middle Ages?

5. What does Edmund Wilson describe as the result of the French Revolution?

6. How was Saint-Simon representative of the new breed of intellectual in the 19th-century?

7. What opinions were shared by Fourier and Owen?

8. In what way did Taine distinguish between history and science?

9. What did Jules Michelet discover in the work of Giavanni Vico?

10. Describe Taine's career after the Commune was founded in 1871.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Which thinkers embraced Marx's work enthusiastically? Which thinkers reject his work? Describe one thinker who embraced Marx and another who rejected his work. Explain what their relationship with Marx says about their philosophies.

Essay Topic 2

What was the role of education in the development of the theories that led to the Russian Revolution? Were thinkers taught in schools? In communes? What organizations fostered the growth and spread of communism? Which organizations resisted the spread of the ideology with other ideology?

Essay Topic 3

How would you characterize Edmund Wilson's values and his intellectual temperament? What part of this genealogy was interesting to Wilson? Judging by his material, his omissions, and his methods, what can you say about Wilson's style and his intellectual preoccupations?

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